How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Translation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Translation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Hendrix MJC. Cancer: An extravascular route for tumour cells. Nature 2015;520:300–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Zhu H, Owen MR. Damped propagation of cell polarization explains distinct PCP phenotypes of epithelial patterning. Sci Rep 2013;3:2528.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Hayes M, Scarlata C, Siana B. Central powering of the largest Lyman-α nebula is revealed by polarized radiation. Nature 2011;476:304–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Gupta SS, Stadler M, Noser CA, Ghosh A, Steinhoff B, Lenoir D, et al. Rapid total destruction of chlorophenols by activated hydrogen peroxide. Science 2002;296:326–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Askoolum A. System Building with APL + Win. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Yor M, editor. Aspects of Mathematical Finance. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Joselevich E, Dai H, Liu J, Hata K, H. Windle A. Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Organization. In: Jorio A, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS, editors. Carbon Nanotubes: Advanced Topics in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 101–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Translation.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. There’s No Evidence Of Bubonic Plague Bacteria On NYC Subway. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Major Science and Technology Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Payne NA. Adults who have learning disabilities: Transition from GED to postsecondary activities. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Cooper M, Southall A. A Subway Rescue by a Ballet Dancer. New York Times 2017:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Translat.
ISSN (print)	2214-031X
Scope