How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Translation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Translation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Irion R. AAS HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS DIVISION: X-rays Hit the Spot for Astrophysicists. Science 2000;290:1884–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rouyer F, Chatterjee A. Circadian clocks: A receptor for subtle temperature changes. Nature 2015;527:449–51.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Politi A, Matthews JCF, O’Brien JL. Shor’s quantum factoring algorithm on a photonic chip. Science 2009;325:1221.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Valentine J, Zhang S, Zentgraf T, Ulin-Avila E, Genov DA, Bartal G, et al. Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index. Nature 2008;455:376–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Loriaux DL. A Biographical History of Endocrinology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Handa H, Ishibuchi H, Ong Y-S, Tan KC, editors. Proceedings of the 18th Asia Pacific Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems, Volume 1. vol. 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Callender C. Sturmian Canons. In: Yust J, Wild J, Burgoyne JA, editors. Mathematics and Computation in Music: 4th International Conference, MCM 2013, Montreal, QC, Canada, June 12-14, 2013. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 64–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Translation.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Two Species of Blind ‘Pseudoscorpions’ Discovered In Grand Canyon Cave. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/two-species-blind-pseudoscorpions-discovered-grand-canyon-cave/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Seitz AE. Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution, and Treatment Patterns of Blastomycosis in the United States. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. What the Chief Justice Should Have Said. New York Times 2017:SR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Translat.
ISSN (print)	2214-031X
Scope