How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Burnett DS. NASA returns rocks from a comet. Science 2006;314:1709–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gerszten RE, Wang TJ. The search for new cardiovascular biomarkers. Nature 2008;451:949–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Miller JR, Outlaw RA, Holloway BC. Graphene double-layer capacitor with ac line-filtering performance. Science 2010;329:1637–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Truman JW, Hiruma K, Allee JP, Macwhinnie SGB, Champlin DT, Riddiford LM. Juvenile hormone is required to couple imaginal disc formation with nutrition in insects. Science 2006;312:1385–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Quadbeck-Seeger H-J. World of the Elements. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Abramovich D. Enumerative Invariants in Algebraic Geometry and String Theory: Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy June 6–11, 2005. vol. 1947. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Abraham I, Delling D, Goldberg AV, Werneck RF. Hierarchical Hub Labelings for Shortest Paths. In: Epstein L, Ferragina P, editors. Algorithms – ESA 2012: 20th Annual European Symposium, Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 10-12, 2012. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 24–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Science.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Multivitamins are a waste of money for healthy people, according to physicians. IFLScience 2013. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/multivitamins-are-waste-money-healthy-people-according-physicians/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Accounting for Automatic Data Processing Costs Needs Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Daczo Z. Wage inequality and the gender wage gap: Are American women swimming upstream? Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Tomasky M. Paul Ryan’s Discontent. New York Times 2017:A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Science
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0949-2658
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Research and Writing Guides