How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kaiser J. ECOLOGY: California Algae May Be Feared European Species. Science 2000;289:222b–3b.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Loeb A, Waxman E. Cosmic gamma-ray background from structure formation in the intergalactic medium. Nature 2000;405:156–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gandía-Herrero F, García-Carmona F, Escribano J. Botany: floral fluorescence effect. Nature 2005;437:334.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Colman-Lerner A, Gordon A, Serra E, Chin T, Resnekov O, Endy D, et al. Regulated cell-to-cell variation in a cell-fate decision system. Nature 2005;437:699–706.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Gerardi MH. Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003.

An edited book

[1]

Chowdri NA, Parray FQ, editors. Benign Anorectal Disorders: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management. 1st ed. 2016. New Delhi: Springer India; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Wiersinga WM. Smoking and Prevention of Thyroid Eye Disease. In: Douglas RS, McCoy AN, Gupta S, editors. Thyroid Eye Disease, New York, NY: Springer; 2015, p. 39–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Science.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Archaeologists Map Underwater Mesolithic Stone Age Settlement. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/archaeologists-map-underwater-mesolithic-stone-age-settlement-/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Students with Disabilities: Better Federal Coordination Could Lessen Challenges in the Transition from High School. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Tarar WA. A New Finite Element Procedure for Fatigue Life Predictionand High Strain Rate Assessment of Cold Worked Advanced High Strength Steel. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. A Y.M.C.A. Changes Its Tune by Offering Office Space. New York Times 2001:1412.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Science
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0949-2658
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine