How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heremans JP. Thermoelectricity: The ugly duckling. Nature. 2014 Apr 17;508(7496):327–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Parsons J, Wand Y. A question of class. Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1040–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bleichert F, Botchan MR, Berger JM. Crystal structure of the eukaryotic origin recognition complex. Nature. 2015 Mar 19;519(7543):321–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Voulhoux R, Bos MP, Geurtsen J, Mols M, Tommassen J. Role of a highly conserved bacterial protein in outer membrane protein assembly. Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):262–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kay R. Statistical Thinking for Non-Statisticians in Drug Regulation. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Yuan W. Morrey and Campanato Meet Besov, Lizorkin and Triebel. Sickel W, Yang D, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. XII, 288 p. (Lecture Notes in Mathematics; vol. 2005).

A chapter in an edited book

Kamel N, Ouchen I, Baali K. A Sampling-PSO-K-means Algorithm for Document Clustering. In: Pan JS, Krömer P, Snášel V, editors. Genetic and Evolutionary Computing: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing, ICGEC 2013, August 25 - 27, 2013 - Prague, Czech Republic. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 45–54. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Science.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Get Ready To Celebrate “Galactic Tick Day” This September [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/get-ready-to-celebrate-galactic-tick-day-this-september/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Youth with Autism: Federal Agencies Should Take Additional Action to Support Transition-Age Youth. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017 May. Report No.: GAO-17-352.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McDuffie CA. Melodies of intervention: Music therapy for transitional-age youth: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M. Cecilia Bartoli May Return to New York. New York Times. 2017 Sep 1;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Science
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0949-2658
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine