How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ganz T. Immunology. Versatile defensins. Science 2002;298:977–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wachsman ED, Lee KT. Lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells. Science 2011;334:935–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Thakur G, Prashanthi K, Thundat T. Directed self-assembly of proteins into discrete radial patterns. Sci Rep 2013;3:1923.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Morris MC, Kaiser P, Rudyak S, Baskerville C, Watson MH, Reed SI. Cks1-dependent proteasome recruitment and activation of CDC20 transcription in budding yeast. Nature 2003;423:1009–13.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sheldrake P. The Spiritual City. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Stokes-DuPass N, Fruja R, editors. Citizenship, Belonging, and Nation-States in the Twenty-First Century. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cheng Y, An H, Chen Z, Li F, Wang Z, Jiang X, et al. Understanding the SIMD Efficiency of Graph Traversal on GPU. In: Sun X-H, Qu W, Stojmenovic I, Zhou W, Li Z, Guo H, et al., editors. Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 14th International Conference, ICA3PP 2014, Dalian, China, August 24-27, 2014. Proceedings, Part I, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 42–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Science.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Long Duration Spaceflight Dramatically Decreases Your Ability To Do Exercise. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/long-duration-spaceflight-dramatically-decreases-your-ability-to-do-exercise/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. School Meal Programs: More Systematic Development of Specifications Could Improve the Safety of Foods Purchased through USDA’s Commodity Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Roth MM. Depositional Environment of the Carbonate Cap Rock at the Pine Prairie Field, Evangeline Parish, Louisiana: Implications of Salt Diapirism on Cook Mountain Reservoir Genesis. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kovaleski SF. Comic Says<br />His Story <br />About 9/11<br />Was a Lie. New York Times 2015:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Science
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0949-2658
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine