How to format your references using the Journal of Ornithology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ornithology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Paul DR (2012) Marerials science. Creating new types of carbon-based membranes. Science 335:413–414

A journal article with 2 authors

Li J, Cheng J-X (2014) Direct visualization of de novo lipogenesis in single living cells. Sci Rep 4:6807

A journal article with 3 authors

Pulendran B, Palucka K, Banchereau J (2001) Sensing pathogens and tuning immune responses. Science 293:253–256

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Maund JR, Smartt SJ, Kudritzki RP, et al (2004) The massive binary companion star to the progenitor of supernova 1993J. Nature 427:129–131

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Phelan J (2013) Reading the American Novel 1920-2010. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Ma J, Wohar M (eds) (2014) Recent Advances in Estimating Nonlinear Models: With Applications in Economics and Finance. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Fast M, Clark WW (2013) Qualitative Economics: The Science Needed in Economics. In: Clark WW II (ed) The Next Economics: Global Cases in Energy, Environment, and Climate Change. Springer, New York, NY, pp 71–91

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ornithology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) New Horizons Spots Possible Polar Ice Cap On Pluto. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Aircraft Maintenance: Potential Shortage in National Aircraft Repair Capacity. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grayson N (2014) Development of a preliminary scale of counterproductive experiences in supervision: Attitudes of clinical psychology doctoral students. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2014) Texas Noir, by Directors Who Aren’t From Texas. New York Times A25B

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Paul 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Paul 2012; Li and Cheng 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li and Cheng 2014)
Three or more authors: (Maund et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ornithology
Abbreviation	J. Ornithol.
ISSN (print)	2193-7192
ISSN (online)	2193-7206
Scope