How to format your references using the Journal of Ornithology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ornithology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gilbertson SR (2012) Chemistry. Relay reactions that trap organometallic intermediates. Science 338:1432–1433

A journal article with 2 authors

Rizzoli SO, Betz WJ (2004) The structural organization of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. Science 303:2037–2039

A journal article with 3 authors

Robison BH, Reisenbichler KR, Sherlock RE (2005) Giant larvacean houses: rapid carbon transport to the deep sea floor. Science 308:1609–1611

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Tran TS, Rubio ME, Clem RL, et al (2009) Secreted semaphorins control spine distribution and morphogenesis in the postnatal CNS. Nature 462:1065–1069

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bacon CR (2012) Practical Risk-Adjusted Performance Measurement. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Boenink M, van Lente H, Moors E (eds) (2016) Emerging Technologies for Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease: Innovating with Care. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Basu A, Bonakdarpour B, Bozga M, Sifakis J (2010) Systematic Correct Construction of Self-stabilizing Systems: A Case Study. In: Dolev S, Cobb J, Fischer M, Yung M (eds) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems: 12th International Symposium, SSS 2010, New York, NY, USA, September 20-22, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 4–18

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ornithology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Global Population Predicted To Reach 11 Billion By 2100. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/booming-global-population-predicted-reach-11-billion-2100/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Student Attrition at the Five Federal Service Academies. Enclosure B: U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watterson T (2012) Changes in Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Social Support for Middle School Students Using the AFIT App as a Supplement to Instruction in a Physical Education Class. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK (2005) World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Bounty Paid On Dead Chechen Leader. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gilbertson 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Rizzoli and Betz 2004; Gilbertson 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rizzoli and Betz 2004)
Three or more authors: (Tran et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ornithology
Abbreviation	J. Ornithol.
ISSN (print)	2193-7192
ISSN (online)	2193-7206
Scope