How to format your references using the Journal of Optometry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Optometry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Krauss TF. Physics. Control at the quantum level. Science. 2005;308(5725):1122-1123.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tamura K, Schimmel P. Chiral-selective aminoacylation of an RNA minihelix. Science. 2004;305(5688):1253.

A journal article with 3 authors

Goldman SA, Nedergaard M, Windrem MS. Glial progenitor cell-based treatment and modeling of neurological disease. Science. 2012;338(6106):491-495.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hidalgo Carcedo C, Bonazzi M, Spanò S, et al. Mitotic Golgi partitioning is driven by the membrane-fissioning protein CtBP3/BARS. Science. 2004;305(5680):93-96.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rehder D. Chemistry in Space. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Peacock RD, Kuligowski ED, Averill JD, eds. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer US; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Albrecht A, Iglesias A. The Clock Ambiguity: Implications and New Developments. In: Mersini-Houghton L, Vaas R, eds. The Arrows of Time: A Debate in Cosmology. Springer; 2012:53-68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Optometry.

Blog post

Fang J. Is Yellowstone About To Erupt? IFLScience. April 3, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/yellowstone-about-erupt/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Strategic Airlift: Further Efforts Can Be Taken to Extend Aircraft Service Life. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clark DK. Professional Values: A Study of Education and Experience in Nursing Students and Nurses. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Belson K, Shpigel B. Supersized Payback Is in Sight. New York Times. January 19, 2017:SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Optometry
Abbreviation	J. Optom.
ISSN (print)	1888-4296
Scope	Optometry