How to format your references using the Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gravitz, L. (2014). Therapy: This time it’s personal. Nature, 509(7502), S52-4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gatfield, D., & Izaurralde, E. (2004). Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay is initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage in Drosophila. Nature, 429(6991), 575–578.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bao, H., Lyons, J. R., & Zhou, C. (2008). Triple oxygen isotope evidence for elevated CO2 levels after a Neoproterozoic glaciation. Nature, 453(7194), 504–506.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Tang, J., Xu, Y., McKellar, A. R. W., & Jäger, W. (2002). Quantum solvation of carbonyl sulfide with helium atoms. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5589), 2030–2033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sadr, A. (2009). Interest Rate Swaps and Their Derivatives. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Abood, M. E., Sorensen, R. G., & Stella, N. (Eds.). (2013). endoCANNABINOIDS: Actions at Non-CB1/CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors (Vol. 24). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Guterch, B., Lewandowska-Marciniak, H., & Mazur, M. (2015). Source Materials to the Outer Western Carpathian Earthquake of December 3, 1786. In B. Guterch & J. Kozák (Eds.), Studies of Historical Earthquakes in Southern Poland: Outer Western Carpathian Earthquake of December 3, 1786, and First Macroseismic Maps in 1858-1901 (pp. 119–179). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, October 13). Ecotourism Could Be Changing Animals’ Behavior For The Worse. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Transportation Security: TSA Has Taken Actions to Address Transportation Security Acquisition Reform Act Requirements (No. GAO-16-285). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chanderbhan-Forde, S. (2010). Asian Indian mothers’ involvement in their children’s schooling: An analysis of social and cultural capital (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2014, December 8). Hermitage Museum Anniversary Plans. New York Times, p. C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gravitz 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Gatfield and Izaurralde 2004; Gravitz 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gatfield and Izaurralde 2004)
Three or more authors: (Tang et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
Abbreviation	J. Open Innov.
ISSN (online)	2199-8531
Scope