How to format your references using the Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bynum, W. (2012). Nobel success: What makes a great lab? Nature, 490(7418), 31–32.

A journal article with 2 authors

Showalter, M. R., & Hamilton, D. P. (2015). Resonant interactions and chaotic rotation of Pluto’s small moons. Nature, 522(7554), 45–49.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yin, Q., Jacobsen, S. B., & Yamashita, K. (2002). Diverse supernova sources of pre-solar material inferred from molybdenum isotopes in meteorites. Nature, 415(6874), 881–883.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, R., Iwakura, Y., Araki, K., Keino-Masu, K., Masu, M., Wang, X.-Y., et al. (2013). ErbB2 dephosphorylation and anti-proliferative effects of neuregulin-1 in ErbB2-overexpressing cells; re-evaluation of their low-affinity interaction. Scientific reports, 3, 1402.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

O’Kelly, M., & Ratitch, B. (2014). Clinical Trials with Missing Data. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Pomerance, C., & Rassias, M. T. (Eds.). (2015). Analytic Number Theory: In Honor of Helmut Maier’s 60th Birthday. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Clack, J. A., & Anderson, J. S. (2016). Early Tetrapods: Experimenting with Form and Function. In J. A. Clack, R. R. Fay, & A. N. Popper (Eds.), Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear: Evidence from the Fossil Record (pp. 71–105). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, October 20). Plants Can Actually Take Care Of Their Offspring – Here’s How. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/plants-can-actually-take-care-their-offspring-here-s-how/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). Special Education: The Attorney Fees Provision of Public Law 99-372 (No. HRD-90-22BR). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kalavacherla, R. S. (2017). DFT study of the improved performance of oxygen reduction reaction on gold-copper alloy in a PEM fuel cell (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chan, S. (2017, July 19). BBC Publishes Pay of Top Stars, Revealing Gender and Racial Gaps. New York Times, p. A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bynum 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Bynum 2012; Showalter and Hamilton 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Showalter and Hamilton 2015)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
Abbreviation	J. Open Innov.
ISSN (online)	2199-8531
Scope