How to format your references using the Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buchanan, Mark. 2009. “Economics: Meltdown Modelling.” Nature 460 (7256): 680–682.

A journal article with 2 authors

Salzman, Hal, and Lindsay Lowell. 2008. “Making the Grade.” Nature 453 (7191): 28–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

Monje, Michelle L., Hiroki Toda, and Theo D. Palmer. 2003. “Inflammatory Blockade Restores Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 302 (5651): 1760–1765.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Fu, Qiang, Wei-Xue Li, Yunxi Yao, Hongyang Liu, Hai-Yan Su, Ding Ma, Xiang-Kui Gu, et al. 2010. “Interface-Confined Ferrous Centers for Catalytic Oxidation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 328 (5982): 1141–1144.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Feldmann, Derrick. 2015. Social Movements For Good. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bou-Sleiman, Sleiman. 2012. Built-in-Self-Test and Digital Self-Calibration for RF SoCs. Edited by Mohammed Ismail. SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Eide, Arne H., and Mitchell Loeb. 2016. “Counting Disabled People: Historical Perspectives and the Challenges of Disability Statistics.” In Disability in the Global South: The Critical Handbook, edited by Shaun Grech and Karen Soldatic, 51–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan. 2015. “‘Surfing’ Antimatter Breakthrough Could Accelerate The Hunt For Exotic Particles.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/surfing-antimatter-could-lead-better-particle-accelerators-hunt-exotic-particles/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. High-Speed Ground Transportation: Issues Affecting Development in the United States. RCED-94-29. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Winter, Jaclyn Marie. 2010. “Investigating the Biosynthesis of Halogenated Meroterpenoid Natural Products from Marine Actinomycetes.” Doctoral dissertation, La Jolla, CA: University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, Mary. 2010. “Scouting Report.” New York Times, May 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Buchanan 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Buchanan 2009; Salzman and Lowell 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Salzman and Lowell 2008)
Three authors: (Monje, Toda, and Palmer 2003)
4 or more authors: (Fu et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
Abbreviation	J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0143-4632
ISSN (online)	1747-7557
Scope	Education Linguistics and Language Cultural Studies