How to format your references using the Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rezende, Enrico L. 2013. “Evolution. Better Oxygen Delivery.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 340 (6138): 1293–1294.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roberson, Erik D., and Lennart Mucke. 2006. “100 Years and Counting: Prospects for Defeating Alzheimer’s Disease.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 314 (5800): 781–784.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hadders, Michael A., Dennis X. Beringer, and Piet Gros. 2007. “Structure of C8alpha-MACPF Reveals Mechanism of Membrane Attack in Complement Immune Defense.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 317 (5844): 1552–1554.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Yeung, Tony, Mauricio Terebiznik, Liming Yu, John Silvius, Wasif M. Abidi, Mark Philips, Tim Levine, Andras Kapus, and Sergio Grinstein. 2006. “Receptor Activation Alters Inner Surface Potential during Phagocytosis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 313 (5785): 347–351.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferrari, Mario L., Usman M. Damo, Ali Turan, and David Sánchez. 2017. Hybrid Systems Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Lee, Kyongbum, and David Kaplan, eds. 2007. Tissue Engineering II: Basics of Tissue Engineering and Tissue Applications. Vol. 103. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Schättler, Heinz, and Urszula Ledzewicz. 2015. “Optimal Control for Problems with a Quadratic Cost Functional on the Therapeutic Agents.” In Optimal Control for Mathematical Models of Cancer Therapies: An Application of Geometric Methods, edited by Urszula Ledzewicz, 141–170. Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2016. “The Amazing Things Poo Can Tell You About An Animal’s Health.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/amazing-things-poo-can-tell-you-about-animal-s-health/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: OPM Has Made Progress on Business Continuity Planning. GGD-99-66. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Volkmer, John E. 2010. “The Cretaceous-Tertiary Tectonic Evolution of the Lhasa Terrane, Tibet.” Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda. 2007. “New Focus on the Effects of Life Tenure.” New York Times, September 10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rezende 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Rezende 2013; Roberson and Mucke 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roberson and Mucke 2006)
Three authors: (Hadders, Beringer, and Gros 2007)
4 or more authors: (Yeung et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
Abbreviation	J. Multiling. Multicult. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0143-4632
ISSN (online)	1747-7557
Scope	Education Linguistics and Language Cultural Studies