How to format your references using the Journal of Microscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Microscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moro-Martin, A. (2014). A call to those who care about Europe’s science. Nature, 514, 141.

A journal article with 2 authors

Class, C., & Goldstein, S. L. (2005). Evolution of helium isotopes in the Earth’s mantle. Nature, 436, 1107–1112.

A journal article with 3 authors

Oh, J. S., Susor, A., & Conti, M. (2011). Protein tyrosine kinase Wee1B is essential for metaphase II exit in mouse oocytes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332, 462–465.

A journal article with 20 or more authors

Ohya, T., Miaczynska, M., Coskun, U., Lommer, B., Runge, A., Drechsel, D., Kalaidzidis, Y., & Zerial, M. (2009). Reconstitution of Rab- and SNARE-dependent membrane fusion by synthetic endosomes. Nature, 459, 1091–1097.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Halloran, M., & Thies, C. (2012). The Social Media Handbook for Financial Advisors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Tarantino, U. (2011). La gestione delle fratture da fragilità ossea: Raccomandazioni per chirurghi ortopedici (Resmini, G., Ed.). Springer, Milano.

A chapter in an edited book

Subramanian, R., Hiltunen, E., & Gane, P. A. C. (2011). Potential Use of Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose Composites Exemplified by Paper, in Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology (Kalia, S., Kaith, B. S., and Kaur, I., Eds.), pp 121–152. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Microscopy.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, November 12). Lava Flow In Hawaii Incinerates Its First House. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Airport Noise: FAA’s Enforcement of Noise Rules at National Airport. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beard, J. A. (2014). Evidence of Leadership Competencies in the Journal of Mary Easton Sibley, a Pioneering 19th Century Women’s College Founder. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum, M. M. (2017, August 8). A New Press Secretary, for a President at War With the Press. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Microscopy
ISSN (print)	0022-2720
ISSN (online)	1365-2818
Scope