How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Virology (JMV). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nayar A. Earth science: A lakeful of trouble. Nature. 2009;460(7253):321-323.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knollmann BC, Roden DM. A genetic framework for improving arrhythmia therapy. Nature. 2008;451(7181):929-936.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeffery CS, Tout CA, Lattanzio JC. Astronomy. Nucleosynthesis in binary stars. Science. 2006;311(5759):345-346.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schmid S, Kurek M, Adolphsen JQ, Boisen A. Real-time single airborne nanoparticle detection with nanomechanical resonant filter-fiber. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1288.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pakurar AS, Bigbee JW. Digital Histology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Art L. Dynamic Programming: A Computational Tool. Vol 38. (Mauch H, ed.). Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

McGrath N, Gladyshev P, Kechadi T, Carthy J. Investigating Encrypted Material. In: Sorell M, ed. Forensics in Telecommunications, Information and Multimedia: Second International Conference, e-Forensics 2009, Adelaide, Australia, January 19-21, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer; 2009:29-35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Virology.

Blog post

Hale T. Extremely Rare Sumatran Rhino Gives Birth At Indonesian Sanctuary. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Revision of FCC Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson DE. How Personality Traits and Job Satisfaction Influence Service Quality in Housing Agencies. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Gun-Control Case Causes Bush Administration Rift. New York Times. March 17, 2008:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Virology
ISSN (print)	0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
Scope