How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Virology (JMV). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roberge A. Astronomy: Hurling comets around a planetary nursery. Nature. 2014;514(7523):440-441.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barton GM, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Science. 2003;300(5625):1524-1525.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gorb EV, Purtov J, Gorb SN. Adhesion force measurements on the two wax layers of the waxy zone in Nepenthes alata pitchers. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5154.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Janes KA, Albeck JG, Gaudet S, Sorger PK, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. A systems model of signaling identifies a molecular basis set for cytokine-induced apoptosis. Science. 2005;310(5754):1646-1653.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adam C. Forensic Evidence in Court. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Hoalst-Pullen N, Patterson MW, eds. Geospatial Technologies in Environmental Management. Vol 3. Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Bandyopadhyay S, Pal SK. Variable String Lengths in GA-classifier. In: Pal SK, ed. Classification and Learning Using Genetic Algorithms: Applications in Bioinformatics and Web Intelligence. Natural Computing Series. Springer; 2007:109-137.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Virology.

Blog post

Andrew D. Most Vitamins Are Useless, But Here Are The Ones You Should Take. IFLScience. October 14, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/most-vitamins-are-useless-but-here-are-the-ones-you-should-take/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tools and Techniques for Improving the Efficiency of Federal Automatic Data Processing Operation. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Armstrong-Romero KA. Cultural Influences and the Impact of Workplace Bullying. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S. New Era After O’Reilly? Women Aren’t So Sure. New York Times. April 20, 2017:B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Virology
ISSN (print)	0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
Scope