How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sherwood S. A microphysical connection among biomass burning, cumulus clouds, and stratospheric moisture. Science 2002;295:1272–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D’Anna G, Gremaud G. The jamming route to the glass state in weakly perturbed granular media. Nature 2001;413:407–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Semenov V, Dyadechkin S, Punsly B. Simulations of jets driven by black hole rotation. Science 2004;305:978–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Favier F, Walter EC, Zach MP, Benter T, Penner RM. Hydrogen sensors and switches from electrodeposited palladium mesowire arrays. Science 2001;293:2227–31.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Brown H, Prescott R. Applied Mixed Models in Medicine. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Carachi R, Agarwala S, Bradnock TJ, Lim Tan H, Cascio S, editors. Basic Techniques in Pediatric Surgery: An Operative Manual. 1st ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Xiao L, Wang F, Wang Z. Research on the Relationship between Customer Value of Social Network Service and Customer Loyalty. In: Wu Y, editor. Advanced Technology in Teaching - Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Conference on Teaching and Computational Science (WTCS 2009): Volume 2: Education, Psychology and Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 27–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Ultrasound.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Chimps Outsmart Humans When It Comes To Game Theory. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. OJJDP Discretionary Grant Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Turner LB. Diet, physical activity and breast cancer risk: An integrative science cross-populational approach. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Chechen Issues New Threat. New York Times 2004:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Ultrasound
Abbreviation	J. Med. Ultrasound
ISSN (print)	0929-6441
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging