How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gaskell CM. Close supermassive binary black holes. Nature 2010;463:E1; discussion E2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hall PS, Kincaid C. Diapiric flow at subduction zones: a recipe for rapid transport. Science 2001;292:2472–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Anderson PW, Brinkman WF, Huse DA. Thermodynamics of an incommensurate quantum crystal. Science 2005;310:1164–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sancey L, Motto-Ros V, Busser B, Kotb S, Benoit JM, Piednoir A, et al. Laser spectrometry for multi-elemental imaging of biological tissues. Sci Rep 2014;4:6065.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Dacey JS, Mack MD, Fiore LB. Your Anxious Child. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Toi VV, Toan NB, Dang Khoa TQ, Lien Phuong TH, editors. 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam. vol. 49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Söldner G, Kapitza R, Meier R. Providing Context-Aware Adaptations Based on a Semantic Model. In: Felber P, Rouvoy R, editors. Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems: 11th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, DAIS 2011, Reykjavik, Iceland, June 6-9, 2011. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 57–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Ultrasound.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Image Reveals Violent Collision of Galaxies. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Child Care and Early Childhood Education: More Information Sharing and Program Review by HHS Could Enhance Access for Families with Limited English Proficiency (Spanish Version). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Nguyen MS. Solid families: Community-based program for pregnant and parenting adolescents. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hodara S. The Art Speaks, and the Poetry Paints a Picture. New York Times 2016:CT10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Ultrasound
Abbreviation	J. Med. Ultrasound
ISSN (print)	0929-6441
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging