How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ohman A. Psychology. Conditioned fear of a face: a prelude to ethnic enmity? Science 2005;309:711–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Flowers RM, Farley KA. Response to Comments on “Apatite 4He/3He and (U-Th)/He Evidence for an Ancient Grand Canyon.” Science 2013;340:143.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ganesh G, Osu R, Naito E. Feeling the force: returning haptic signals influence effort inference during motor coordination. Sci Rep 2013;3:2648.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Elbaum R, Zaltzman L, Burgert I, Fratzl P. The role of wheat awns in the seed dispersal unit. Science 2007;316:884–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Todeschini R, Baccini A. Handbook of Bibliometric Indicators. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Akama S, editor. Towards Paraconsistent Engineering. vol. 110. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Pennec X. Bi-invariant Means on Lie Groups with Cartan-Schouten Connections. In: Nielsen F, Barbaresco F, editors. Geometric Science of Information: First International Conference, GSI 2013, Paris, France, August 28-30, 2013. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 59–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Ultrasound.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. As El Niño Bites, It’s Time To Take Stock Of Our Water. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. DHS Science and Technology: Additional Steps Needed to Ensure Test and Evaluation Requirements Are Met. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mott CR. Sun compass orientation in juvenile green sea turtles. Doctoral dissertation. Florida Atlantic University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Williams J. Waiting for the Mail. New York Times 2016:BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Ultrasound
Abbreviation	J. Med. Ultrasound
ISSN (print)	0929-6441
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging