How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blake D. Gaining medical momentum. Nature 2004;429(6991 Suppl):19–23.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gal-Yam A, Leonard DC. A massive hypergiant star as the progenitor of the supernova SN 2005gl. Nature 2009;458(7240):865–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nykypanchuk D, Strey HH, Hoagland DA. Brownian motion of DNA confined within a two-dimensional array. Science 2002;297(5583):987–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lee WL, Watauchi S, Miller VL, Cava RJ, Ong NP. Dissipationless anomalous Hall current in the ferromagnetic spinel CuCr2Se4-xBrx. Science 2004;303(5664):1647–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith DA, van de Waterbeemd H, Walker DK. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism in Drug Design: SMITH: PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM IN DRUG DESIGN O-BK. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.

An edited book

Bruno R. Turbulence in the Solar Wind. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Lyubchik S, Lygina E, Lyubchyk A, Lyubchik S, Loureiro JM, Fonseca IM, et al. The Kinetic Parameters Evaluation for the Adsorption Processes at “Liquid–Solid” Interface. In: Ribeiro AB, Mateus EP, Couto N, editors. Electrokinetics Across Disciplines and Continents: New Strategies for Sustainable Development. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. page 81–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Physics.

Blog post

Davis J. Fungal Infections Kill More People Globally Than Malaria Or TB. IFLScience2016;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Civil Agency Aircraft: Agencies’ Use of Certain Aircraft to Transport Passengers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Driskill KM. A qualitative study of teacher understanding and use of differentiated instruction to promote reading achievement. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stellin S. Full Picture of Airlines’ Punctuality Is Elusive. New York Times2014;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Physics
Abbreviation	J. Med. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0971-6203
ISSN (online)	1998-3913
Scope	Biophysics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging