How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spence K. Ancient Egyptian chronology and the astronomical orientation of pyramids. Nature 2000;408:320–324.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heller RC, Marians KJ. Replication fork reactivation downstream of a blocked nascent leading strand. Nature 2006;439:557–562.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luo Z-X, Ji Q, Yuan C-X. Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals. Nature 2007;450:93–97.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Jordan IK, Kondrashov FA, Adzhubei IA, Wolf YI, Koonin EV, et al. A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution. Nature 2005;433:633–638.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Garton AF. Exploring Cognitive Development: The Child as Problem Solver. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Talaba D, Amditis A (eds). Product Engineering: Tools and Methods Based on Virtual Reality. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Duit RH, Treagust DF. Conceptual Change: Still a Powerful Framework for Improving the Practice of Science Instruction. In: Tan KCD, Kim M (editors). Issues and Challenges in Science Education Research: Moving Forward. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. pp. 43–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Microbiology.

Blog post

Andrews R. How To Pass A Polygraph Test With Science. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/detection-deception-are-polygraphs-scientifically-accurate/ (2015, accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. District of Columbia Public Schools: Audit Confirms Reasonableness of Enrollment Count, but Report’s Presentation Is Unclear. HEHS-99-66R; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 31 March 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fonfa SL. The impact of increased security on the employment options and lives of people with severe disabilities. Doctoral Dissertation; Capella University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hiked TFP, Contributed to This Article:, Beedy J, Cooley AP, Dickinson B, et al. BLISTERS AND BLISS ON A FROSTY BEACH. New York Times, 31 March 1985, p. 11LI28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Microbiology
Abbreviation	J. Med. Microbiol.
ISSN (print)	0022-2615
ISSN (online)	1473-5644
Scope	Microbiology General Medicine Microbiology (medical)