How to format your references using the Journal of Medical Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Medical Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baruch J. Practical science has a global reach and appeal. Nature 2014;507:141.

A journal article with 2 authors

Müser MH, Shakhvorostov D. Applied physics. Why thick can be slick. Science 2010;328:52–53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lam E, Kato N, Lawton M. Programmed cell death, mitochondria and the plant hypersensitive response. Nature 2001;411:848–853.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Qiu X, Audet J, Wong G, Fernando L, Bello A, et al. Sustained protection against Ebola virus infection following treatment of infected nonhuman primates with ZMAb. Sci Rep 2013;3:3365.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cumming D. Private Equity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Xhafa F, Caballé S, Abraham A, Daradoumis T, Juan Perez AA (eds). Computational Intelligence for Technology Enhanced Learning. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Jones C, Jia X. Using a Domain Specific Language for Lightweight Model-Driven Development. In: Maciaszek LA, Filipe J (editors). Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering: 9th International Conference, ENASE 2014, Lisbon, Portugal, April 28-30, 2014. Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. pp. 46–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Medical Microbiology.

Blog post

Fang J. Test Confirms There’s a Huge Hot Bubble Of Gas Caused By A Supernova In Our Galaxy. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/test-confirms-theres-huge-hot-bubble-gas-caused-supernova-our-galaxy/ (2014, accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Positive Train Control: Additional Authorities Could Benefit Implementation. GAO-13-720; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 16 August 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Minger L. Examining Education Leadership Communication Practices around Basic and Advanced Skill Sets: A Multiple Case Study. Doctoral Dissertation; Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Posters of Upscale Batterers Show That Class Offers No Immunity. New York Times, 8 December 2002, p. 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Medical Microbiology
Abbreviation	J. Med. Microbiol.
ISSN (print)	0022-2615
ISSN (online)	1473-5644
Scope	Microbiology General Medicine Microbiology (medical)