How to format your references using the European Geriatric Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Geriatric Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Morris JW Jr. Materials science. Stronger, tougher steels. Science 2008;320:1022–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Aβmann M, Bayer M. Compressive adaptive computational ghost imaging. Sci Rep 2013;3:1545.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Wu JI, Crabtree GR, Crabtee GR. Cell signaling. Nuclear actin as choreographer of cell morphology and transcription. Science 2007;316:1710–1.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hla T, Lee MJ, Ancellin N, Paik JH, Kluk MJ. Lysophospholipids--receptor revelations. Science 2001;294:1875–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Dayton G. Trade Mindfully. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Buffone MG, editor. Sperm Acrosome Biogenesis and Function During Fertilization. vol. 220. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lee S, Thompson D, Hansen JK. Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr). In: Pâques LE, editor. Forest Tree Breeding in Europe: Current State-of-the-Art and Perspectives, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013, p. 177–227.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Geriatric Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Ten Weird And Terrifying Medical Instruments From The Past. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/ten-weird-and-terrifying-medical-instruments-past/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. The Office of Science and Technology Policy: Adaptation to a President’s Operating Style May Conflict With Congressionally Mandated Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hasbini MA. The Great Recession of 2007 and the Housing Market Crash: Why Did So Many Builders Fail? Lessons for the Local Homebuilding Industry. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. Giving an Unexpected Twist to “Keep Off the Grass.” New York Times 2001:148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Geriatric Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. Geriatr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1878-7649
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Gerontology

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