How to format your references using the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Siegfried T. In praise of hard questions. Science. 2005;309(5731):76-77.

A journal article with 2 authors

Karpicke JD, Roediger HL 3rd. The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science. 2008;319(5865):966-968.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lin J, Balabin IA, Beratan DN. The nature of aqueous tunneling pathways between electron-transfer proteins. Science. 2005;310(5752):1311-1313.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wasser S, Poole J, Lee P, et al. Conservation. Elephants, ivory, and trade. Science. 2010;327(5971):1331-1332.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Snape S. Ancient Egyptian Tombs. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Sivaperuman C, Baqri QH, Ramaswamy G, Naseema M, eds. Faunal Ecology and Conservation of the Great Indian Desert. Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Zachman RC. God Manifested in God’s Works: The Knowledge of God in the Reformed Tradition. In: Cherry MJ, ed. The Death of Metaphysics; the Death of Culture: Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Morality. Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture. Springer Netherlands; 2006:71-97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics.

Blog post

Andrews R. Wildlife Photographer Of The Year 2016 Captures The Jaw-Dropping Awesomeness Of The Natural World. IFLScience. August 31, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-2016-captures-the-jawdropping-awesomeness-of-the-natural-world/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Issues Related to FAA’s Fiscal Year 1991 Budget Request. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moreau EL. Sailing on a Sea of Hope: Exploring the Impact of Federal Consolidation on Individual Identification and Organizational Identity. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. PLAYING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD. New York Times. February 20, 1994:1315.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Abbreviation	J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0161-4754
Scope	Chiropractics