How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sur M. Breathing life into biology. Nature. 2005;436:487.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Padhi A, Ma L. Genetic and epidemiological insights into the emergence of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) across Asia and Africa. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7040.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bejan A, Ziaei S, Lorente S. Evolution: why all plumes and jets evolve to round cross sections. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4730.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Shima T, Imaoka A, Kuwahara T, Momose Y, et al. Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species. Science. 2011;331:337–41.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Caltagirone J-P. Discrete Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

1. Serna P, Seoane J-A, editors. Bioethical Decision Making and Argumentation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ranawana R, Palade V. A Neuro-Genetic Framework for Multi-Classifier Design: An Application to Promoter Recognition in DNA Sequences. In: Jain LC, Palade V, Srinivasan D, editors. Advances in Evolutionary Computing for System Design. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 71–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Nephrology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Scientific Origins of Vampirism. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Use Of Missile Procurement Funds To Finance Research And Development Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1969 May. Report No.: B-146876.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Allen EL. Teacher Evaluation and Student Achievement in Elementary Education [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Grynbaum MM. Inaugural All Its Own Brings Astonishment and Awe to Television. New York Times. 2017 Jan 20;A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	1342-1751
ISSN (online)	1437-7799
Scope	Physiology Nephrology Physiology (medical)

Research and Writing Guides