How to format your references using the Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants (JLT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott RJ. Evolution. Sex, sunflowers, and speciation. Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1189–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

Halloran ME, Longini IM Jr. Emerging, evolving, and established infectious diseases and interventions. Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1292–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Singhal N, Kumar M, Virdi JS. Molecular analysis of β-lactamase genes to understand their differential expression in strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 12;4:5270.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Samaha H, Pignata A, Fousek K, Ren J, Lam FW, Stossi F, et al. A homing system targets therapeutic T cells to brain cancer. Nature. 2018 Sep;561(7723):331–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carvalho MC. Practical Laboratory Automation. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

Qi J, Evered KT, editors. Environmental Problems of Central Asia and their Economic, Social and Security Impacts. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. XIX, 400 p. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security).

A chapter in an edited book

Nikolay B. Modeling Development of Deep Horizons of Open Pits. In: Drebenstedt C, Singhal R, editors. Mine Planning and Equipment Selection: Proceedings of the 22nd MPES Conference, Dresden, Germany, 14th – 19th October 2013. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 43–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants.

Blog post

Davis J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. Half Of E.U. Countries Opt Out Of Growing GM Crops.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Training: Practices of Leading Private-Sector Companies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Jan. Report No.: GAO-03-390.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cong M. Predictive models of cytotoxicity as mediated by exposure to environmental toxicants and drugs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schweber N, Barker K, Grant J. In New Jersey, Young Players Recall Hazing. New York Times. 2014 Oct 20;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants
ISSN (print)	1050-6934
ISSN (online)	1940-4379
Scope