How to format your references using the Journal of Landscape Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Landscape Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burke, B. (2015). Cell biology: nuclear dilemma resolved. Nature, 522(7555), 159–160.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hejnol, A., & Martindale, M. Q. (2008). Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus. Nature, 456(7220), 382–386.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mayr, G., Pohl, B., & Peters, D. S. (2005). A well-preserved Archaeopteryx specimen with theropod features. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5753), 1483–1486.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, Z.-Z., Lam, C.-H., Yu, T., & You, J. Q. (2013). Detector-induced backaction on the counting statistics of a double quantum dot. Scientific Reports, 3, 3026.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Trout, J., & Rivkin, S. (2008). Differentiate or Die. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Krogstie, J., Opdahl, A., & Sindre, G. (Eds.). (2007). Advanced Information Systems Engineering: 19th International Conference, CAiSE 2007, Trondheim, Norway, June 11-15, 2007. Proceedings (Vol. 4495). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kondo, K. (2009). Liquid Embolic Agents. In D. Kessel & C. Ray (Eds.), Transcatheter Embolization and Therapy (pp. 51–59). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Landscape Ecology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 5). Time Might Be Running Backwards Inside Black Holes. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1972). Vocational Training Contracts Awarded to Engineering Drafting School, Inc., Denver, Colorado (B-169333). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rieger, K. (2012). Phenomenological Exploration of the Characteristics of Successful Women Entrepreneurs [Doctoral dissertation]. Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2013, March 25). Pension Funds Wary as Bankrupt City Goes to Trial. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Burke, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Burke, 2015; Hejnol & Martindale, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hejnol & Martindale, 2008)
Three authors: (Mayr et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Li et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Landscape Ecology
ISSN (print)	1803-2427
ISSN (online)	1805-4196
Scope