How to format your references using the Journal of Landscape Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Landscape Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fontana, W. (2006). Chemistry. Pulling strings. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5805), 1552–1553.

A journal article with 2 authors

Debenedetti, P. G., & Stillinger, F. H. (2001). Supercooled liquids and the glass transition. Nature, 410(6825), 259–267.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim, D., Son, S.-W., & Jeong, H. (2014). Large-scale quantitative analysis of painting arts. Scientific Reports, 4, 7370.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Yu, L., Misra, S., Wang, J., Qian, S., Foldyna, M., Xu, J., Shi, Y., Johnson, E., & Cabarrocas, P. R. I. (2014). Understanding light harvesting in radial junction amorphous silicon thin film solar cells. Scientific Reports, 4, 4357.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Elias, H.-G. (2006). Macromolecules. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Nutting, J. (2010). Beginning iPad Development for iPhone Developers: Mastering the iPad SDK (D. Woolridge & D. Mark, Eds.). Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Brézillon, P. (2011). A Contextual Methodology for Modelling Real-Time Decision-Making Support. In F. Burstein, P. Brézillon, & A. Zaslavsky (Eds.), Supporting Real Time Decision-Making: The Role of Context in Decision Support on the Move (pp. 65–88). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Landscape Ecology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, May 23). Before-and-After Photos of Mars Reveal Largest Fresh Crater Ever. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/and-after-photos-mars-reveal-largest-fresh-crater-ever/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standard, Model Year 2002 (OGC-00-28). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Samel, C. (2014). Imagination and negotiation: Motivations for Cambodian women to marry Cambodian American men [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, April 8). Thanks for the Tasteless Sermon. New York Times, B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fontana, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Debenedetti & Stillinger, 2001; Fontana, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Debenedetti & Stillinger, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Yu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Landscape Ecology
ISSN (print)	1803-2427
ISSN (online)	1805-4196
Scope