How to format your references using the Journal of Landscape Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Landscape Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Montgomery, M. H. (2008). Astronomy. The pulse of distant stars. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5901), 536–537.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smith, E. C., & Lewicki, M. S. (2006). Efficient auditory coding. Nature, 439(7079), 978–982.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moree, M., Ewart, S., & Diggs, C. (2004). Strength in unity. Nature, 430(7002), 938–939.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Losos, J. B., Leal, M., Glor, R. E., De Queiroz, K., Hertz, P. E., Rodríguez Schettino, L., Lara, A. C., Jackman, T. R., & Larson, A. (2003). Niche lability in the evolution of a Caribbean lizard community. Nature, 424(6948), 542–545.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raymond, S. U. (2013). Recession, Recovery, and Renewal: Long-Term Nonprofit Strategies for Rapid Economic Change. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ranjan, S., Dasgupta, N., & Lichtfouse, E. (Eds.). (2016). Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 3 (Vol. 23). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Charisis, V., Hadjidimitriou, S., Hadjileontiadis, L., Uğurca, D., & Yilmaz, E. (2015). EmoActivity - An EEG-Based Gamified Emotion HCI for Augmented Artistic Expression: The i-Treasures Paradigm. In M. Antona & C. Stephanidis (Eds.), Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to the Human Environment and Culture: 9th International Conference, UAHCI 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part IV (pp. 29–40). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Landscape Ecology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, April 16). A Subsurface Ocean on Pluto? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/subsurface-ocean-pluto/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Consolidation of Computer-Output-Microfilm Facilities in Hawaii (LCD-76-129). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramirez, E. Y. (2015). Barriers to access to health care among Latino immigrants in the United States: A quantitative study [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman, M. M. (2012, July 19). Uncomfortable Accounting. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Montgomery, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Montgomery, 2008; Smith & Lewicki, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Smith & Lewicki, 2006)
Three authors: (Moree et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Losos et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Landscape Ecology
ISSN (print)	1803-2427
ISSN (online)	1805-4196
Scope