How to format your references using the Journal of Knee Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Knee Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Walt DR. Chemistry. Miniature analytical methods for medical diagnostics. Science. 2005;308(5719):217-219.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hooley CA, Mackenzie AP. Physics. Heavy fermions in the original Fermi liquid. Science. 2007;317(5843):1332-1333.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huber D, Veinante P, Stoop R. Vasopressin and oxytocin excite distinct neuronal populations in the central amygdala. Science. 2005;308(5719):245-248.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sundar VC, Zaumseil J, Podzorov V, et al. Elastomeric transistor stamps: reversible probing of charge transport in organic crystals. Science. 2004;303(5664):1644-1646.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tagare DM. Electric Power Generation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Drake G, ed. Springer Handbook of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Goddard J. Flea-Borne Diseases. In: Goddard J, ed. Infectious Diseases and Arthropods. Humana Press; 2008:131-142.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Knee Surgery.

Blog post

Hale T. Bizarre Flying Saucer Shaped Clouds Spotted Over South Africa. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their Implementation of Federal Highway Administration Recommendations and Guidelines (GAO-07-517SP), an E-Supplement to GAO-07-413. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Weissflug KG. Effects of Positive Behavior Support Programs on Student Behaviors. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nir SM. Doctor Storms Bronx Hospital In Fatal Attack. New York Times. June 30, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Knee Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Knee Surg.
ISSN (print)	1538-8506
ISSN (online)	1938-2480
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery