How to format your references using the Journal of Knee Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Knee Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seife C. PARTICLE PHYSICS: Elusive Particle Leaves Telltale Trace. Science. 2000;289(5479):527.

A journal article with 2 authors

Žutić I, Cernĕ J. Physics. Chameleon magnets. Science. 2011;332(6033):1040-1041.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chu R, Reczek D, Brondyk W. Capture-stabilize approach for membrane protein SPR assays. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7360.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Johnson N, Zhao G, Caycedo F, et al. Extreme alien light allows survival of terrestrial bacteria. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2198.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wing C. How Your House Works. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Liu Z, Zhang Z, eds. Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems: First International School, SETSS 2014, Chongqing, China, September 8-13, 2014. Tutorial Lectures. Vol 9506. 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Zaidi F, Archambault D, Melançon G. Evaluating the Quality of Clustering Algorithms Using Cluster Path Lengths. In: Perner P, ed. Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects: 10th Industrial Conference, ICDM 2010, Berlin, Germany, July 12-14, 2010. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2010:42-56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Knee Surgery.

Blog post

Davis J. Human Embryos Grown In Lab For Record Period Of Time. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Medicare Computer Systems: Year 2000 Challenges Put Benefits and Services in Jeopardy. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soma VM. A Particle Filter Methodology for Salient Object Detection in Videos. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Metallica’s ‘Hardwired’ Hits No. 1 on Chart. New York Times. November 28, 2016:C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Knee Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Knee Surg.
ISSN (print)	1538-8506
ISSN (online)	1938-2480
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery