How to format your references using the Journal of Knee Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Knee Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ferrante AW Jr. Biomedicine. Improving metabolism by throwing out all the JNK. Science. 2013;339(6116):147-148.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vaia R, Baur J. Materials science. Adaptive composites. Science. 2008;319(5862):420-421.

A journal article with 3 authors

Raviv U, Laurat P, Klein J. Fluidity of water confined to subnanometre films. Nature. 2001;413(6851):51-54.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rui G, Abeysinghe DC, Nelson RL, Zhan Q. Demonstration of beam steering via dipole-coupled plasmonic spiral antenna. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2237.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eales LJ. Immunology for Life Scientists. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Vassighi A. Thermal and Power Management of Integrated Circuits. (Sachdev M, ed.). Springer US; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Hatzfeld C, Kern TA. Development of Haptic Systems. In: Hatzfeld C, Kern TA, eds. Engineering Haptic Devices: A Beginner’s Guide. Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems. Springer; 2014:125-141.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Knee Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. How We Got To Now: Why The US And Europe Went Different Ways On GMOs. IFLScience. November 9, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-we-got-now-why-us-and-europe-went-different-ways-gmos/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. LOCAL Television Act: Status of Spending for Fiscal Year 2005. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wuite J. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Three East Antarctic Outlet Glaciers and Their Floating Ice Tongues. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Sip, Munch and Cheer. New York Times. February 27, 2011:NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Knee Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Knee Surg.
ISSN (print)	1538-8506
ISSN (online)	1938-2480
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery