How to format your references using the Journal of International Relations and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of International Relations and Development (JIRD). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Asplund, Martin (2005) ‘Astronomy. A stellar swan-song’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 308(5719): 210–211.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chirik, Paul J. and Karl Wieghardt (2010) ‘Chemistry. Radical ligands confer nobility on base-metal catalysts’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 327(5967): 794–795.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sasaki, Toshihiko, Yoshihisa Yamamoto, and Masato Koashi (2014) ‘Practical quantum key distribution protocol without monitoring signal disturbance’, Nature 509(7501): 475–478.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bejerano, Gill et al. (2006) ‘A distal enhancer and an ultraconserved exon are derived from a novel retroposon’, Nature 441(7089): 87–90.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coenen, Tracy (2008) Essentials of Corporate Fraud, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Peters, Carol et al., eds. (2008) Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval: 8th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2007, Budapest, Hungary, September 19-21, 2007, Revised Selected Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kumagai, Hidenori, Hiromi Watanabe, Takuya Yahagi, Shigeaki Kojima, Shun’ichi Nakai, Shin Toyoda, and Jun-Ichiro Ishibashi (2015) ‘Evaluating Hydrothermal System Evolution Using Geochronological Dating and Biological Diversity Analyses’, in Jun-Ichiro Ishibashi, Kyoko Okino, and Michinari Sunamura, eds., Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems: TAIGA Concept, 49–59, Tokyo: Springer Japan.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of International Relations and Development.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle (2015) ‘Sad But Adorable Animal Facts That Will Ruin Your Day’, IFLScience available at https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sad-cute-animal-facts/ (accessed 30 October, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1977). ‘Report to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare on Fundamental Improvements Needed for Timely Promulgation of Health Program Regulations’, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fisher, Jarrett D. A profile of the chief student affairs officers of the California State University system. Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Caitlin ‘Antiques Dealers Still Scoring Big Sales’. New York Times, May 7, B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Asplund 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Asplund 2005; Chirik and Wieghardt 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chirik and Wieghardt 2010)
Three or more authors: (Bejerano et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of International Relations and Development
Abbreviation	J. Int. Relat. Dev.
ISSN (print)	1408-6980
ISSN (online)	1581-1980
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations