How to format your references using the Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research (JIAPTR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fray D. Metallurgy: iron production electrified. Nature. 2013;497(7449):324-325.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ferdinand NK, Opitz B. Different aspects of performance feedback engage different brain areas: disentangling valence and expectancy in feedback processing. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5986.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shiu RF, Chin WC, Lee CL. Carbonaceous particles reduce marine microgel formation. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5856.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schwenk J, Metz M, Zolles G, et al. Native GABA(B) receptors are heteromultimers with a family of auxiliary subunits. Nature. 2010;465(7295):231-235.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schmidt RH, Rodrick GE. Food Safety Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Andersson KE, Michel MC, eds. Urinary Tract. Vol 2011. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Pradhan JP, Das K. Determinants of Regional Exports. In: Das K, ed. Manufacturing Exports from Indian States: Determinants and Policy Imperatives. India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer India; 2016:45-68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research.

Blog post

Luntz S. Award-Winning Chemist Works For Free After Funding Cutbacks. IFLScience. December 2, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/award-winning-chemist-works-free-after-funding-cutbacks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Women in STEM Research: Federal Agencies Differ in the Data They Collect on Grant Applicants. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dickens JR. The Experience of Recovery from Alcohol/Drugs (AOD). Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Bob Krasnow, 82, Executive Who Revived Elektra Records. New York Times. December 14, 2016:A30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
ISSN (print)	2092-8475
Scope