How to format your references using the Journal of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Samarasekera IV. Universities need a new social contract. Nature 2009; 462: 160–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Becher OJ, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Cancer. For pediatric glioma, leave no histone unturned. Science 2014; 346: 1458–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Caraveo-Frescas JA, Khan MA, Alshareef HN. Polymer ferroelectric field-effect memory device with SnO channel layer exhibits record hole mobility. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 5243.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nomata J, Kondo T, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H, Itoh S, Fujita Y. Dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase generates substrate radicals by an iron-sulphur cluster in bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 5455.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Boulanger J-L. Safety Management for Software-based Equipment. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

1. Grimm B, Porra RJ, Rüdiger W, Scheer H eds. Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls: Biochemistry, Biophysics, Functions and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Aggelis DG. Acoustic Emission Analysis for NDE in Concrete. In: Ohtsu M, ed. Innovative AE and NDT Techniques for On-Site Measurement of Concrete and Masonry Structures: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 239-MCM. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016, 69–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. How Nigeria Beat The Ebola Virus In Three Months. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Supercomputers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hankins S. A policy analysis of the Americans with Disability Act of 1990. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. To Soccer Fan, Train Whistle Hits Perfect Pitch. New York Times. March 21, 2010:SP8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0954-6820
ISSN (online)	1365-2796
Scope	Internal Medicine