How to format your references using the Journal of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Greene MT. High achiever. Nature 2000; 407: 947.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ramesh KV, Goswami P. Assessing reliability of regional climate projections: the case of Indian monsoon. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 4071.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Maurer SM, Hugenholtz PB, Onsrud HJ. Intellectual property. Europe’s database experiment. Science 2001; 294: 789–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Rey J, Buffet PA, Ciceron L, Milon G, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Safeukui I. Reduced erythrocyte deformability associated with hypoargininemia during Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 3767.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Baker HK, Martin GS. Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

1. Mehlhorn H, Tan KSW, Yoshikawa H eds. Blastocystis: Pathogen or Passenger?: An Evaluation of 101 Years of Research. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Dayal U, Vennelakanti R, Sharma R, Castellanos M, Hao M, Patel C. Collaborative Business Intelligence: Enabling Collaborative Decision Making in Enterprises. In: Meersman R, Tari Z, eds. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2008: OTM 2008 Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, GADA, IS, and ODBASE 2008, Monterrey, Mexico, November 9-14, 2008, Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008, 8–25.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Pope Francis Climate Advocate: Reframing The Debate. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Medicare Computer Systems: Year 2000 Challenges Put Benefits and Services in Jeopardy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tomlinson KL. Working with the imaginal: Art-making and dialogue with figures of soul. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Davey M, Walsh MW. Billions in Debt, Detroit Tumbles Into Insolvency. New York Times. July 18, 2013:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0954-6820
ISSN (online)	1365-2796
Scope	Internal Medicine