How to format your references using the Journal of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Oullier O. Clear up this fuzzy thinking on brain scans. Nature 2012; 483: 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Buckling A, Rainey PB. The role of parasites in sympatric and allopatric host diversification. Nature 2002; 420: 496–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kildishev AV, Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM. Planar photonics with metasurfaces. Science 2013; 339: 1232009.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Pursell ZF, Isoz I, Lundström E-B, Johansson E, Kunkel TA. Yeast DNA polymerase epsilon participates in leading-strand DNA replication. Science 2007; 317: 127–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Nakhjiri M, Nakhjiri M. AAA and Network Security for Mobile Access. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.

An edited book

1. Fukś H, Lukosch S, Salgado AC eds. Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use: 11th International Workshop, CRIWG 2005, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, September 25-29, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Anderson ARA, Chaplain MAJ, McDougall S. A Hybrid Discrete-Continuum Model of Tumour Induced Angiogenesis. In: Jackson TL, ed. Modeling Tumor Vasculature: Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Level Aspects and Implications. New York, NY: Springer, 2012, 105–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. Unusual Conditions: What Is Rapunzel Syndrome And Why Do Some People Eat Hair? IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Commercial Motor Vehicles: Significant Actions Remain to Improve Truck Safety. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mitchell SF. Life-review therapy: A prevention program for the elderly who are experiencing life transitions. A grant proposal. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hollander S. Fame on the Half Shell. New York Times. May 3, 2009:CY1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0954-6820
ISSN (online)	1365-2796
Scope	Internal Medicine