How to format your references using the Journal of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Deweerdt S. Dancing with an escape artist. Nature 2010; 466: S6-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Stive MJF, Reniers AJHM. Geophysics. Sandbars in motion. Science 2003; 299: 1855–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dian BC, Clarkson JR, Zwier TS. Direct measurement of energy thresholds to conformational isomerization in tryptamine. Science 2004; 303: 1169–73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Einsle O, Tezcan FA, Andrade SLA, et al. Nitrogenase MoFe-protein at 1.16 A resolution: a central ligand in the FeMo-cofactor. Science 2002; 297: 1696–700.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Varrall G. Making Telecoms Work. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011.

An edited book

1. Torres DF, Reimer O eds. Cosmic Rays in Star-Forming Environments: Proceedings of the Second Session of the Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Green B. Being Muslim in the Neoliberal West: Reflections on an Ethnographic Study of Muslim Women in Australia. In: Lovat T, ed. Women in Islam: Reflections on Historical and Contemporary Research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012, 61–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. The Chemistry Of Titan Could Pave The Way For Future Life. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. GSA Lease Prospectuses Provide a Reasonable Basis for the Congress To Approve Proposed Space Acquisitions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Davidson WB. High school athletics and the “whole adolescent”: A case study of three urban high schools. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. Organizer Of Festival Is Released On Bail. New York Times. July 1, 2017:A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0954-6820
ISSN (online)	1365-2796
Scope	Internal Medicine