How to format your references using the Journal of Intelligent Information Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Intelligent Information Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thomas, D. J. (2004). Evidence for deep-water production in the North Pacific Ocean during the early Cenozoic warm interval. Nature, 430(6995), 65–68.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roelofs, J., & Van Haastert, P. J. (2001). Genes lost during evolution. Nature, 411(6841), 1013–1014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reich, D. S., Mechler, F., & Victor, J. D. (2001). Independent and redundant information in nearby cortical neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5551), 2566–2568.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Garner, M. H., Li, H., Chen, Y., Su, T. A., Shangguan, Z., Paley, D. W., et al. (2018). Comprehensive suppression of single-molecule conductance using destructive σ-interference. Nature, 558(7710), 415–419.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Johansen, G. A., & Jackson, P. (2005). Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gaag, L. C. van der, & Feelders, A. J. (Eds.). (2014). Probabilistic Graphical Models: 7th European Workshop, PGM 2014, Utrecht, The Netherlands, September 17-19, 2014. Proceedings (Vol. 8754). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Déjean, H. (2012). Using Page Breaks for Book Structuring. In S. Geva, J. Kamps, & R. Schenkel (Eds.), Focused Retrieval of Content and Structure: 10th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2011, Saarbrücken, Germany, December 12-14, 2011, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 57–67). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Intelligent Information Systems.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2016, October 26). US To Use Crime-Fighting Rats In War Against Illegal Wildlife Trafficking. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/us-to-use-crimefighting-rats-in-war-against-illegal-wildlife-trafficking/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2012). James Webb Space Telescope: Actions Needed to Improve Cost Estimate and Oversight of Test and Integration (No. GAO-13-4). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krau, C. F. (2008). A case study of congregational design and implementation of adult Christian education (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., & Heller, S. (2016, November 24). Say It With Tickets. New York Times, p. C10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thomas 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Roelofs and Van Haastert 2001; Thomas 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roelofs and Van Haastert 2001)
Three or more authors: (Garner et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Abbreviation	J. Intell. Inf. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0925-9902
ISSN (online)	1573-7675
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software