How to format your references using the Journal of Insulin Resistance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Insulin Resistance (JIR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nield T. A tribe of jobbing ditchers. Nature 2008;451(7176):258–260.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kollatschny W, Zetzl M. Broad-line active galactic nuclei rotate faster than narrow-line ones. Nature 2011;470(7334):366–368.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lupp C, Skipper M, Weiss U. Gut microbes and health. Nature 2012;489(7415):219.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Choi M, Scholl UI, Yue P, et al. K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension. Science 2011;331(6018):768–772.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sanchez A, Carro B. Digital Services in the 21st Century. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017;

An edited book

Cornelius-White JHD, Motschnig-Pitrik R, Lux M, editors. Interdisciplinary Handbook of the Person-Centered Approach: Research and Theory. New York, NY: Springer, 2013;

A chapter in an edited book

Martinez YR, Rodriguez HB, Lozano DO, Alcázar GAP, Paz JC. Magnetic and structural properties of mechanically alloyed Tb0.257−x Nd x Fe0.743 alloys, with x = 0 and 0.257. In: Larica C, Mercader RC, Partiti C, Gancedo JR, editors. LACAME 2006: Proceedings of the 10th Latin American Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (LACAME 2006) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 5–9 November 2006. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009; p. 29–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Insulin Resistance.

Blog post

Taub B. Your Brain Is Designed For Reading Even Before You Learn Your ABCs [Homepage on the Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/your-brain-is-designed-for-reading-even-before-you-learn-your-abcs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. University Finances: Research Revenues and Expenditures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cheung M. An integrated change model in project management. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M. Sale of Albee Collection To Benefit Foundation. New York Times. 2017;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Insulin Resistance
ISSN (print)	2412-2785
ISSN (online)	2519-7533
Scope