How to format your references using the Journal of Institute of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Institute of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Watanabe M. Small world, big hopes. Nature. 2003 Nov 27;426(6965):478–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jacobsen SB, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jacobsen@neodymium.harvard.edu. Geochemistry. How old is planet Earth? Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1513–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lunshof JE, Church GM, Prainsack B. Information access. Raw personal data: providing access. Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):373–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kang L, Lin Z, Qin J, Chen C. Two novel nonlinear optical carbonates in the deep-ultraviolet region: KBeCO3F and RbAlCO3F2. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1366.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lau JYF. An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Delcour AH, editor. Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XI, 385 p. 86 illus., 38 illus. in color. (Springer Series in Biophysics; vol. 18).

A chapter in an edited book

Ben-Chaim D, Keret Y, Ilany BS. Proportional Reasoning—A Psychological-Didactical View. In: Ben-Chaim D, Keret Y, Ilany BS, editors. Ratio and Proportion: Research and Teaching in Mathematics Teachers’ Education (Pre- and In-Service Mathematics Teachers of Elementary and Middle School Classes). Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2012. p. 49–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Institute of Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Astronomers Have Mapped Our Adolescent Universe in 3D [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-have-mapped-our-adolescent-universe-3d/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Comparison of States’ Highway Construction Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Nov. Report No.: GAO-04-113R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hall KN. Facilitating physically active identity development in older women [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Belson K, Pilon M. Marathon Officials Determining How to Proceed. New York Times. 2012 Oct 30;B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Institute of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Inst. Med.
ISSN (print)	1993-2979
ISSN (online)	1993-2987
Scope