How to format your references using the Journal of Institute of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Institute of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chiorescu I. Physics. Microwave cooling of an artificial atom. Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1549–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hotchkiss RS, Sherwood ER. Immunology. Getting sepsis therapy right. Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1201–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Phelps J, Webb EL, Agrawal A. Land use. Does REDD+ threaten to recentralize forest governance? Science. 2010 Apr 16;328(5976):312–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li Y, Zhong Y, Xu L, Zhang J, Xu X, Sun H, et al. Ultrafast synaptic events in a chalcogenide memristor. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1619.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grinyer A. Palliative and End of Life Care for Children and Young People. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Hilber N. Computational Methods for Quantitative Finance: Finite Element Methods for Derivative Pricing. Reichmann O, Schwab C, Winter C, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. XIII, 299 p. 56 illus., 47 illus. in color. (Springer Finance).

A chapter in an edited book

Denk R, Kaip M. Triebel-Lizorkin spaces and the L p -L q -setting. In: Kaip M, editor. General Parabolic Mixed Order Systems in Lp and Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013. p. 143–85. (Operator Theory: Advances and Applications).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Institute of Medicine.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Electric Eels Bend Their Body To Double Their Electric Shocks [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/electric-eel-bends-its-body-double-its-electric-shock/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: Limited Improvement in Bridge Conditions over the Past Decade, but Financial Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Jun. Report No.: GAO-13-713T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Graham HH. Leadership as co-influencing: A heuristic narrative study of dynamic co-emergence within the leadership relationship [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Even Among Venerable Texts, A Torah Like No Other. New York Times. 2009 Mar 8;CY5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Institute of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Inst. Med.
ISSN (print)	1993-2979
ISSN (online)	1993-2987
Scope