How to format your references using the Journal of Institute of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Institute of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Favero I. Optomechanics: Listening to quantum grains of sound. Nature. 2015 Apr 23;520(7548):441–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Crawley MJ, Harral JE. Scale dependence in plant biodiversity. Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):864–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maurer SM, Firestone RB, Scriver CR. Science’s neglected legacy. Nature. 2000 May 11;405(6783):117–20.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kaniewski D, Van Campo E, Morhange C, Guiot J, Zviely D, Shaked I, et al. Early urban impact on Mediterranean coastal environments. Sci Rep. 2013 Dec 18;3:3540.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoffman RV. Organic Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Servien E, editors. Acute Muscle Injuries. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. XVIII, 138 p. 48 illus., 31 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Ascoli A, Schmidt T, Tetzlaff R, Corinto F. Application of the Volterra Series Paradigm to Memristive Systems. In: Tetzlaff R, editor. Memristors and Memristive Systems. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p. 163–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Institute of Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Two Mysterious White Spots Observed On Ceres [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/ceres-white-spots-are-multiplying/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Utilization at Aberdeen Proving Ground’s ADP Installation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976 Jun. Report No.: LCD-76-125.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pikiewicz KA. I never knew I had expectations until I realized they weren’t going to come true: A grounded theory study of mothering a chronically ill child [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Parole Unlikely for Russian Oil Executive Jailed in Siberia. New York Times. 2007 Oct 26;A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Institute of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Inst. Med.
ISSN (print)	1993-2979
ISSN (online)	1993-2987
Scope