How to format your references using the Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Diamond, Archaeology. Easter Island revisited, Science 317 (2007) 1692–1694.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H.-Y. Wang, Y.-Q. Zhang, Processing and characterisation of a novel electropolymerized silk fibroin hydrogel membrane, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6182.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

E.B. Bierhaus, C.R. Chapman, W.J. Merline, Secondary craters on Europa and implications for cratered surfaces, Nature 437 (2005) 1125–1127.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

T. Shimamura, M. Shiroishi, S. Weyand, H. Tsujimoto, G. Winter, V. Katritch, R. Abagyan, V. Cherezov, W. Liu, G.W. Han, T. Kobayashi, R.C. Stevens, S. Iwata, Structure of the human histamine H1 receptor complex with doxepin, Nature 475 (2011) 65–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Rehder, Chemistry in Space, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

C. Mahlow, M. Piotrowski, eds., Systems and Frameworks for Computational Morphology: Third International Workshop, SFCM 2013, Berlin, Germany, September 6, 2013 Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Delgado, R.M. Jensen, C. Schulte, Generating Optimal Stowage Plans for Container Vessel Bays, in: I.P. Gent (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP 2009: 15th International Conference, CP 2009 Lisbon, Portugal, September 20-24, 2009 Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 6–20.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Denmark Is Developing Ladybug-Spraying Drones For Its Christmas Tree Farms, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/denmark-is-developing-ladybugspraying-drones-for-its-christmas-tree-farms/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Airline Competition: Passenger Facility Charges Represent a New Funding Source for Airports, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T.R. Weber, Tailored charged particle beams from single-component plasmas, Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Cooper, A Red State’s Cultural Blues, New York Times (2017) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems
Abbreviation	J. Innov. Digit. Ecosyst.
ISSN (print)	2352-6645
Scope