How to format your references using the Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

N.J. Kuhn, Learn lateral thinking first and specialize later, Nature. 404 (2000) 542.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Y. Ma, C. Lin, Microbial oxidation of Fe²⁺ and pyrite exposed to flux of micromolar H₂O₂ in acidic media, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1979.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.S. Jacobs, C.F. Giulivi, P.A. Mele, Freshening of the Ross Sea during the late 20th century, Science. 297 (2002) 386–389.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Hong, M.K. Park, E.J. Lee, D. Lee, D.S. Hwang, S. Ryu, Origin of new broad Raman D and G peaks in annealed graphene, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2700.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Bonneau, A. Fatu, D. Souchet, Mixed Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

D. Pumain, ed., Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

F. Zhao, F.F. Dai, Design and Analysis of A Low Power QVCO with Capacitive-Coupling Technique, in: F.F. Dai (Ed.), Low-Noise Low-Power Design for Phase-Locked Loops: Multi-Phase High-Performance Oscillators, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015: pp. 67–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Scientists Reveal How Humanity Could Survive The End Of The World, IFLScience. (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Social Security: Observations on Improving Distribution of Death Information, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

E.M. Boerger, Natural regeneration dynamics of red oak seedlings in Mississippi bottomland forests, Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Ryerson, University Presses, New York Times. (2017) BR27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems
Abbreviation	J. Innov. Digit. Ecosyst.
ISSN (print)	2352-6645
Scope