How to format your references using the Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Holmes N. Immunology. A splicing switch for T cells. Science 2008;321:646–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Swinnen J, Squicciarini P. Global food supply. Mixed messages on prices and food security. Science 2012;335:405–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Suda M, Kato R, Yamamoto HM. Superconductivity. Light-induced superconductivity using a photoactive electric double layer. Science 2015;347:743–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liu Q, Rand TA, Kalidas S, Du F, Kim H-E, Smith DP, et al. R2D2, a bridge between the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway. Science 2003;301:1921–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Yu SF. Analysis and Design of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Aalen OO. Survival and Event History Analysis: A Process Point of View. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Oliveira LB, Fernandes JR, Filanovsky IM, Verhoeven CJM, Silva MM. Quadrature LC-Oscillator. In: Fernandes JR, Filanovsky IM, Verhoeven CJM, Silva MM, editors. Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008, p. 81–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Artificial Photosynthesis Yields Valuable Chemicals. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Management: SBA Needs to Establish Policies and Procedures for Key IT Processes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Horaist DW. Estimating Seed Bank Responses to Changing Environmental Conditions in the Louisiana Coastal Zone. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

KELLY STEWART; Kelly Stewart is a primatologist at Cambridge University. She has studied the behavior, ecology, Conservation of Mountain. CHRONICLES OF THE PUMPHOUSE GANG. New York Times 1988:714.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
Abbreviation	J. Infect. Chemother.
ISSN (print)	1341-321X
Scope	Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical) Pharmacology (medical)