How to format your references using the Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Osheroff DD. Robert Richardson (1937-2013). Nature 2013;495:450.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Begun DR, Ward CV. Comment on “Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a new Middle Miocene great ape from Spain.” Science 2005;308:203; author reply 203.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Smith J, Van Dyken JD, Zee PC. A generalization of Hamilton’s rule for the evolution of microbial cooperation. Science 2010;328:1700–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Berthe M, Stiufiuc R, Grandidier B, Deresmes D, Delerue C, Stiévenard D. Probing the carrier capture rate of a single quantum level. Science 2008;319:436–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

DiBattista M. Novel Characters. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Nijkamp FP, Parnham MJ, editors. Principles of Immunopharmacology. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Massey-Stokes M. Body Image and Eating Disturbances in Children and Adolescents. In: Robert-McComb JJ, Norman R, Zumwalt M, editors. The Active Female: Health Issues Throughout The Lifespan, Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008, p. 57–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K. How Dogs Could Make Children Better Readers. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Status of Plans for Achieving Key Outcomes and Addressing Major Management Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hilker B. Electric-field effects and interactions of dye-polymer systems. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Van Gelder SKC by L. Arts, Briefly; “Vagina Monologues” in Moscow. New York Times 2005:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
Abbreviation	J. Infect. Chemother.
ISSN (print)	1341-321X
Scope	Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical) Pharmacology (medical)