How to format your references using the Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik P. Coping with the inevitable. Nature 2004;430:1063.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kulesa PM, Fraser SE. Cell dynamics during somite boundary formation revealed by time-lapse analysis. Science 2002;298:991–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Solis RS, Haas J, Creamer W. Dating Caral, a preceramic site in the Supe Valley on the central coast of Peru. Science 2001;292:723–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zhao M, Li J, Li Y, Wang J, Zuo Y, Jiang J, et al. Gradient control of the adhesive force between Ti/TiO2 nanotubular arrays fabricated by anodization. Sci Rep 2014;4:7178.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kato T, Handwerker CA, Bath J. Mitigating Tin Whisker Risks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Hayashi N. Asymptotics for Dissipative Nonlinear Equations. vol. 1884. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Eysenbach G. Using the Internet for Surveys and Research. In: Anderson JG, Aydin CE, editors. Evaluating the Organizational Impact of Healthcare Information Systems, New York, NY: Springer; 2005, p. 129–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Bacteria In Ancient Andean Mummies Had Genes For Antibiotic Resistance. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/bacteria-ancient-andean-mummies-had-genes-antibiotic-resistance/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Practices: Opportunities Exist to Enhance DOD’s Sales of Surplus Aircraft Parts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Carrier TH. Using Grunig’s Situational Theory for Analysis of Frames in Human Trafficking Awareness Organizations’ YouTube Videos. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Qiu L. Critiques of Proposal That Miss the Mark. New York Times 2017:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management
ISSN (print)	2468-1202
Scope

Research and Writing Guides