How to format your references using the Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Deweerdt S. Dancing with an escape artist. Nature 2010;466:S6-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Heilbron JL, Bynum WF. 1902 and all that. Nature 2002;415:15–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Zhao B, Moore JS, Beebe DJ. Surface-directed liquid flow inside microchannels. Science 2001;291:1023–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hanaguri T, Kohsaka Y, Ono M, Maltseva M, Coleman P, Yamada I, et al. Coherence factors in a high-tc cuprate probed by quasi-particle scattering off vortices. Science 2009;323:923–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Söchting I. Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Salvendy G, Smith MJ, editors. Human Interface and the Management of Information. Interacting with Information: Symposium on Human Interface 2011, Held as Part of HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. vol. 6772. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Backers T, Stephansson O. ISRM Suggested Method for the Determination of Mode II Fracture Toughness. In: Ulusay R, editor. The ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 2007-2014, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Real-Life Jungle Books – How Feral Children Raised By Animals Continue To Fire The Imagination. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/real-life-jungle-books-how-feral-children-raised-animals-continue-fire/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Head Start: Research Insufficient to Assess Program Impact. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wright MW. The Louisiana Teacher Assault Pay Statute: An Analysis of Court Decisions Interpreting the Statute and a Comparative Study of Teacher Assault Pay Statutes in Other States. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton, on Tour of Western States, Chides G.O.P. for Investigating His Mother. New York Times 1992:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management
ISSN (print)	2468-1202
Scope