How to format your references using the Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Graves JAM. In retrospect: Twenty-five years of the sex-determining gene. Nature 2015;528:343–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Youngs H, Somerville C. Plant science. Best practices for biofuels. Science 2014;344:1095–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Morgan AD, Gandon S, Buckling A. The effect of migration on local adaptation in a coevolving host-parasite system. Nature 2005;437:253–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Lachner M, O’Carroll D, Rea S, Mechtler K, Jenuwein T. Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins. Nature 2001;410:116–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Molimard J. Experimental Mechanics of Solids and Structures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Sinclair N, Pimm D, Higginson W, editors. Mathematics and the Aesthetic: New Approaches to an Ancient Affinity. New York, NY: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sirenko K, Sirenko Y. The Exact Absorbing Conditions Method in the Analysis of Open Electrodynamic Structures. In: Sirenko Y, Velychko L, editors. Electromagnetic Waves in Complex Systems: Selected Theoretical and Applied Problems, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 225–326.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Rosetta Spacecraft Snaps New Horizons At Pluto From Five Billion Kilometers Away. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-takes-image-new-horizons-pluto-5-billion-kilometers-away/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. The Need for Strong Central Oversight of the Federal Government’s War on Drugs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Dinh W. Elderly Vietnamese’ perceptions of the effects of Adult Day Health Care services on their mental and physical well-being. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. ‘Mixed Results’ for U.S.; Uncertain Future for Coach. New York Times 2010:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management
ISSN (print)	2468-1202
Scope