How to format your references using the Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Zupanc GKH. Obituary: Theodore H. Bullock (1915-2005). Nature 2006;439:280.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Milo R, Last RL. Achieving diversity in the face of constraints: lessons from metabolism. Science 2012;336:1663–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kah LC, Lyons TW, Frank TD. Low marine sulphate and protracted oxygenation of the Proterozoic biosphere. Nature 2004;431:834–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Buckley NJ, Johnson R, Sun Y-M, Stanton LW. Is REST a regulator of pluripotency? Nature 2009;457:E5-6; discussion E7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Thornicroft G, Semrau M, Alem A, Drake RE, Ito H, Mari J, et al. Community Mental Health. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Ye J, Cundiff ST, editors. Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation, and Applications. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hamper A. Tailored Physical Activity Promotion with Context-Based Mobile Applications. In: Wickramasinghe N, Troshani I, Tan J, editors. Contemporary Consumer Health Informatics, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 73–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Paris Climate Deal Nears Finishing Line As UK Announces It Will Ratify Agreement. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/paris-climate-deal-nears-finishing-line-as-uk-announces-it-will-ratify-agreement/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Vulnerabilities of Telecommunications Systems to Unauthorized Use. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Oliva DA. Technological mediation: The implications of technology on the human experience. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Smith M, Fortin J. Kansas Governor to Be Nominated as Ambassador. New York Times 2017:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hospital Total Quality Management
ISSN (print)	2468-1202
Scope