How to format your references using the Journal of Hearing Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hearing Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Phillips D. Obituary: George Porter (1920-2002). Nature, 2002; 419(6907): 578.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Pathophysiological consequences of VEGF-induced vascular permeability. Nature, 2005; 437(7058): 497–504.

A journal article with 3 authors

Losos JB, Schoener TW, Spiller DA. Predator-induced behaviour shifts and natural selection in field-experimental lizard populations. Nature, 2004; 432(7016): 505–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chen H-C, Lin H-C, Chen H-H, et al. Innovative strategy with potential to increase hemodialysis efficiency and safety. Sci Rep, 2014; 4: 4425.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

El-Reedy MA. Construction Management for Industrial Projects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Rüb U. The Neuropathology of Huntington’s Disease: Classical Findings, Recent Developments and Correlation to Functional Neuroanatomy. 1st ed. 2015. Vonsattel JPG, Heinsen H, Korf H-W, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Prusky D, Alkan N, Miyara I, et al. Mechanisms Modulating Postharvest Pathogen Colonization of Decaying Fruits. In: Prusky D, Gullino ML, editors. Postharvest Pathology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 43–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hearing Science.

Blog post

Fang J. Hubble Telescope Spots Smiley Face [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/smiley-face-galaxy-cluster-spotted-hubble/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Internet Infrastructure: Challenges in Developing a Public/Private Recovery Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Sep. Report No.: GAO-06-1100T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Young DL. A phenomenological investigation of science center exhibition developers’ expertise development [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Support From Berlusconi. New York Times, 2002 Apr 3; A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hearing Science
ISSN (print)	2083-389X
ISSN (online)	2084-3127
Scope