How to format your references using the Journal of Hearing Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Hearing Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perkins K. For the love of ferns. Science, 2014; 346(6216): 1586.

A journal article with 2 authors

Miles L, Kapos V. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: global land-use implications. Science, 2008; 320(5882): 1454–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Galli SJ, Tsai M, Piliponsky AM. The development of allergic inflammation. Nature, 2008; 454(7203): 445–54.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lee H-R, Lee K, Cho J, et al. Spin-orbit torque in a bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Pd/FePd/MgO system. Sci Rep, 2014; 4: 6548.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davies G. Designing and Developing Scalable IP Networks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Glieder A, Kubicek CP, Mattanovich D, Wiltschi B, Sauer M, editors. Synthetic Biology. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Eidem BW. Functional Evaluation of the Heart by Transesophageal Echocardiography. In: Wong PC, Miller-Hance WC, editors. Transesophageal Echocardiography for Congenital Heart Disease. London: Springer; 2014. p. 121–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Hearing Science.

Blog post

Andrew E. Think Your Cat Misses You? It’s Probably Just Pissed Off [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/think-your-cat-misses-you-its-probably-just-pissed/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education Grants Management: Actions Initiated to Correct Material Weaknesses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jun. Report No.: HRD-91-72.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Helgoe CA. The impact of federal policy on teachers’ use of science manipulatives: A survey of teacher philosophy and practices [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. Sheltering Realtors’ Commissions. New York Times, 2009 Jan 18; RE8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Hearing Science
ISSN (print)	2083-389X
ISSN (online)	2084-3127
Scope