How to format your references using the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Poeppelmeier, K. (2002). Solid state chemistry. A mixed oxide-hydride perovskite. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5561), 1849.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sherwood, S., & Fu, Q. (2014). Climate change. A drier future? Science (New York, N.Y.), 343(6172), 737–739.

A journal article with 3 authors

Corominas-Murtra, B., Fortuny, J., & Solé, R. V. (2014). Towards a mathematical theory of meaningful communication. Scientific Reports, 4, 4587.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Colombo, K., Grill, S. W., Kimple, R. J., Willard, F. S., Siderovski, D. P., & Gönczy, P. (2003). Translation of polarity cues into asymmetric spindle positioning in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5627), 1957–1961.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kerzner, H. (2015). Project Management 2.0. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Inversini, A., & Schegg, R. (Eds.). (2016). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2016: Proceedings of the International Conference in Bilbao, Spain, February 2-5, 2016 (1st ed. 2016). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, V., & Carayannis, E. G. (2012). Conclusion and Implications. In E. G. Carayannis (Ed.), Promoting Balanced Competitiveness Strategies of Firms in Developing Countries (pp. 91–99). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, October 29). Magma Power: How Superheated Molten Rock Could Provide Renewable Energy. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/magma-power-how-superheated-molten-rock-could-provide-renewable-energy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Airport Development: Improvement Needed in Federal Planning (No. T-RCED-92-30). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Emale, J. M. (2010). An examination of how conglomerates impact small-medium enterprises in their relationship (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, February 26). Mets Evaluate Their Options at First Base After Duda Is Sidelined by Hip Stiffness. New York Times, p. SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Poeppelmeier, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Poeppelmeier, 2002; Sherwood & Fu, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sherwood & Fu, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Colombo et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Abbreviation	J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
ISSN (print)	2169-9313
ISSN (online)	2169-9356
Scope