How to format your references using the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clary, D. C. (2013). Chemistry. 100 years of atomic theory. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6143), 244–245.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tercero, J. A., & Diffley, J. F. (2001). Regulation of DNA replication fork progression through damaged DNA by the Mec1/Rad53 checkpoint. Nature, 412(6846), 553–557.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ehrlich, P. R., Kareiva, P. M., & Daily, G. C. (2012). Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization. Nature, 486(7401), 68–73.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kurita, M., Araoka, T., Hishida, T., O’Keefe, D. D., Takahashi, Y., Sakamoto, A., et al. (2018). In vivo reprogramming of wound-resident cells generates skin epithelial tissue. Nature, 561(7722), 243–247.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Szylar, C. (2013). Risk Management under UCITS III/IV. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Zhang, B., Fulmer, G. W., Liu, X., Hu, W., Peng, S., & Wei, B. (Eds.). (2014). International Conference on Science Education 2012 Proceedings: Science Education: Policies and Social Responsibilities. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Heid, M. K., Grady, M., Jairam, A., Lee, Y., Freeburn, B., & Karunakaran, S. (2014). A Processes Lens on a Beginning Teacher’s Personal and Classroom Mathematics. In J.-J. Lo, K. R. Leatham, & L. R. Van Zoest (Eds.), Research Trends in Mathematics Teacher Education (pp. 67–82). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, May 13). Bats Open Their Mouths Wider To Focus Their Sonar Beam. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Quality Assurance Independence (No. HEHS-94-151R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Armstrong, A. (2008). Tactic-Based Learning for collective learning systems (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, J. (2017, May 2). Debate on Pulling Back From Paris Climate Deal Could Turn on a Single Phrase. New York Times, p. A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clary, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Clary, 2013; Tercero & Diffley, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tercero & Diffley, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Kurita et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Abbreviation	J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
ISSN (print)	2169-9313
ISSN (online)	2169-9356
Scope