How to format your references using the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duster, T. (2005). Medicine. Race and reification in science. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5712), 1050–1051.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kawakatsu, H., & Watada, S. (2007). Seismic evidence for deep-water transportation in the mantle. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5830), 1468–1471.

A journal article with 3 authors

Curry, R., Dickson, B., & Yashayaev, I. (2003). A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Nature, 426(6968), 826–829.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Tsai, T. Y.-C., Choi, Y. S., Ma, W., Pomerening, J. R., Tang, C., & Ferrell, J. E., Jr. (2008). Robust, tunable biological oscillations from interlinked positive and negative feedback loops. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5885), 126–129.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2005). Food Safety Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Geroldinger, A. (2009). Combinatorial Number Theory and Additive Group Theory. (I. Z. Ruzsa, Ed.). Basel: Birkhäuser.

A chapter in an edited book

Frelin, A., & Grannäs, J. (2014). Navigating Middle Ground. In D. Zandvliet, P. D. Brok, T. Mainhard, & J. van Tartwijk (Eds.), Interpersonal Relationships in Education: From Theory to Practice (pp. 57–69). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, October 20). Mice Socially Transfer Pain – What About Humans? Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mice-socially-transfer-pain-what-about-humans/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Fiscal Year 2009 Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes (No. GAO-10-92R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ren, W. (2013). The Portrayal of Risk-taking Behaviors in Traffic on the Prime-time Television Series (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B. (2017, July 13). Knickers In a Twist Over a Hint Of Color. New York Times, p. B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Duster, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Duster, 2005; Kawakatsu & Watada, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kawakatsu & Watada, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Tsai et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Abbreviation	J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth
ISSN (print)	2169-9313
ISSN (online)	2169-9356
Scope