How to format your references using the Comparative Cytogenetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Cytogenetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cravens TE (2002) X-ray emission from comets. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296: 1042–1045.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cande SC, Stegman DR (2011) Indian and African plate motions driven by the push force of the Réunion plume head. Nature 475: 47–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pavlidis I, Eberhardt NL, Levine JA (2002) Seeing through the face of deception. Nature 415: 35.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Philbin TG, Kuklewicz C, Robertson S, Hill S, König F, Leonhardt U (2008) Fiber-optical analog of the event horizon. Science (New York, N.Y.) 319: 1367–1370.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Elliott CH, Smith LL (2010) Overcoming Anxiety for Dummies®. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ourselin S, Rueckert D, Smith N (Eds) (2013) 7945 Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart: 7th International Conference, FIMH 2013, London, UK, June 20-22, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XVIII, 494 p. 238 illus pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Brisson JA, Davis GK (2008) Pea Aphid. In: Kole C (Ed.), Genome Mapping and Genomics in Arthropods. Genome Mapping Genomics Animals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 59–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Cytogenetics.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Badly-Designed Animal Experiments Might Over Exaggerate Benefits Of New Drugs Trialed. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/badly-designed-animal-experiments-might-over-exaggerate-benefits-new-drugs/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1975) Follow Through: Lessons Learned From Its Evaluation and Need To Improve Its Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blasdel ES (2010) A phenomenological study of barriers for women in federal law enforcement. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Higgins A (2013) In Trial, Romania Warily Revisits a Brutal Past. New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cravens 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Cravens 2002, Cande and Stegman 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cande and Stegman 2011)
Three or more authors: (Philbin et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Cytogenetics
ISSN (print)	1993-0771
ISSN (online)	1993-078X
Scope