How to format your references using the Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mabberley, D. J. (2009). Plant science. Exploring terra incognita. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5926), 472.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gruenheid, S., & Finlay, B. B. (2003). Microbial pathogenesis and cytoskeletal function. Nature, 422(6933), 775–781.

A journal article with 3 authors

Akiyama, K., Matsuzaki, K.-I., & Hayashi, H. (2005). Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature, 435(7043), 824–827.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Papp, S. B., Choi, K. S., Deng, H., Lougovski, P., van Enk, S. J., & Kimble, H. J. (2009). Characterization of multipartite entanglement for one photon shared among four optical modes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5928), 764–768.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis, T. G. (2010). Java® and Mac OS® X. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Cham, T.-J., Cai, J., Dorai, C., Rajan, D., Chua, T.-S., & Chia, L.-T. (Eds.). (2006). Advances in Multimedia Modeling: 13th International Multimedia Modeling Conference, MMM 2007, Singapore, January 9-12, 2007. Proceedings, Part I (Vol. 4351). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Alekseev, A. O., Alekseeva, T. V., Gerasimenko, L. M., Orleanskiy, V. K., & Ushatinskaya, G. T. (2016). Modifications of Selected Clay Minerals Due to Activity of Filamentous Alkaline Cyanobacteria. In O. V. Frank-Kamenetskaya, E. G. Panova, & D. Y. Vlasov (Eds.), Biogenic—Abiogenic Interactions in Natural and Anthropogenic Systems (pp. 29–42). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, September 28). Supermassive Black Hole Is Thirty Times Larger Than It Should Be. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/space/black-hole-thirty-times-too-large/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1984). First-Year Implementation of the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act in the Department of Education (No. HRD-84-49). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gobas, M. (2012). Affiliate users policy: Solution to multiple ball field users in the city of Artesia (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR, N. (2015, September 27). By Focusing on Syria, Putin Is Catering to an Audience at Home. New York Times, p. A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mabberley, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Gruenheid & Finlay, 2003; Mabberley, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gruenheid & Finlay, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Papp et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Abbreviation	J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.
ISSN (print)	2169-9003
ISSN (online)	2169-9011
Scope