How to format your references using the Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Russo, G. (2007). Bioscience in the sun. Nature, 446(7139), 1112–1113.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dalton, R., & Cyranoski, D. (2000). Baja peninsula claims five victims in tragic accident. Nature, 404(6778), 533.

A journal article with 3 authors

Risk, J. M., Macknight, R. C., & Day, C. L. (2008). FCA does not bind abscisic acid. Nature, 456(7223), E5-6.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Enard, W., Przeworski, M., Fisher, S. E., Lai, C. S. L., Wiebe, V., Kitano, T., et al. (2002). Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Nature, 418(6900), 869–872.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heuer, A. (2012). Der perfekte Tipp. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Conneely, O., & Otto, C. (Eds.). (2008). Progestins and the Mammary Gland: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications (Vol. 2007/1). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Duggan, J. (2007). Using System Dynamics and Multiple Objective Optimization to Support Policy Analysis for Complex Systems. In H. Qudrat-Ullah, J. M. Spector, & P. I. Davidsen (Eds.), Complex Decision Making: Theory and Practice (pp. 59–81). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, May 8). Messenger Spacecraft Detects Ancient Magnetic Field On Mercury. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Evaluation and the Research Process (No. 110668). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cooper, T. (2009). Biting Animals (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2012, March 15). Exhibition Recalls Slam-Bang World Of Pulp Magazines. New York Times, p. F38.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Russo, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Dalton & Cyranoski, 2000; Russo, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dalton & Cyranoski, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Enard et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Abbreviation	J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.
ISSN (print)	2169-9003
ISSN (online)	2169-9011
Scope