How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schiermeier Q. Network boost for southeast Europe. Nature. 2001;410:619.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Raser JM, O’Shea EK. Noise in gene expression: origins, consequences, and control. Science. 2005;309:2010–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Godfrey DI, Pellicci DG, Smyth MJ. Immunology. The elusive NKT cell antigen--is the search over? Science. 2004;306:1687–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cole MT, Teo KBK, Groening O, Gangloff L, Legagneux P, Milne WI. Deterministic cold cathode electron emission from carbon nanofibre arrays. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4840.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Doerfler W. Foreign DNA in Mammalian Systems. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2007.

An edited book

1. Laidlaw DH, Vilanova A, editors. New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Fabrègue D, Landron C, Béal C, Kleber X, Maire E, Bouzekri M. Understanding the mechanical behaviour of a high manganese TWIP steel by the means of in situ 3D X ray tomography. In: Proulx T, editor. Optical Measurements, Modeling, and Metrology, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. p. 27–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Origin of flowers has been discovered [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/origin-flowers-has-been-discovered/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: GAO DTV Broadcaster Survey (GAO-08-528SP, April 2008), an E-supplement to GAO-08-510. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Apr. Report No.: GAO-08-528SP.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tablason JM. Recollecting [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Pool or Gym? A Task Force Chooses Both. New York Times. 2001 Jun 3;146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointest. Cancer
ISSN (print)	1941-6628
ISSN (online)	1941-6636
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology

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