How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. MacWilliams B. Russia pulls out of Antarctic station. Nature. 2003;422:104.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Watson R, Pauly D. Systematic distortions in world fisheries catch trends. Nature. 2001;414:534–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Stanley JD, Goddio F, Schnepp G. Nile flooding sank two ancient cities. Nature. 2001;412:293–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Tatar M, Kopelman A, Epstein D, Tu MP, Yin CM, Garofalo RS. A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function. Science. 2001;292:107–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Elias H-G. Macromolecules. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2006.

An edited book

1. Rojo J, editor. Selected Works of E. L. Lehmann. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Singh J, Mohanty SP, Pradhan DK. SRAM Bitcell Design Using Unidirectional Devices. In: Mohanty SP, Pradhan DK, editors. Robust SRAM Designs and Analysis. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 113–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Volcanoes Almost Certainly Didn’t Kill Off The Dinosaurs [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/volcanism-almost-certainly-didnt-acidify-oceans-and-kill-dinosaurs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Governmentwide Strategy Needed to Better Manage Overlapping Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Apr. Report No.: GAO-13-529T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Estrin JL. Sitting in the Fire: An Exploration of Soul-Making in Prison [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly M. THE INAUGURATION: Seizing the Day; New President Brings Opportunity to Cash In. New York Times. 1993 Jan 18;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointest. Cancer
ISSN (print)	1941-6628
ISSN (online)	1941-6636
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology