How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Buetow KH. Cyberinfrastructure: empowering a “third way” in biomedical research. Science. 2005;308:821–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wang T, Overgaard J. Ecology. The heartbreak of adapting to global warming. Science. 2007;315:49–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lam FH, Steger DJ, O’Shea EK. Chromatin decouples promoter threshold from dynamic range. Nature. 2008;453:246–50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ono M, Yaguchi H, Ohkura N, Kitabayashi I, Nagamura Y, Nomura T, et al. Foxp3 controls regulatory T-cell function by interacting with AML1/Runx1. Nature. 2007;446:685–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Huzurbazar AV. Flowgraph Models for Multistate Time-to-Event Data: Huzurbazar/Flowgraph Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

1. Wellmer F-W. Economic Evaluations in Exploration. Second Edition. Dalheimer M, Wagner M, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Park J-K, Kim MK. Teaching and Learning of EIL in Korean Culture and Context. In: Marlina R, Giri RA, editors. The Pedagogy of English as an International Language: Perspectives from Scholars, Teachers, and Students. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 47–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Amazon Founder’s Rocket Company Will Be Launching From Florida [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/amazons-jeff-bezos-puts-pressure-spacex-new-launch-facility-blue-origin/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Local Coordination Prevents Duplication of Services at Federally Sponsored Indian Education Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Jun. Report No.: HRD-81-101.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shackelford V. Mary’s mandala story: Images of chaos in mandala psychology [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Bombs Injure 8 In Area Near Chechnya. New York Times. 2004 Jul 23;A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointest. Cancer
ISSN (print)	1941-6628
ISSN (online)	1941-6636
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology