How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Codispoti LA. Oceans. Interesting times for marine N2O. Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1339–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schulze A, Harris AL. How cancer metabolism is tuned for proliferation and vulnerable to disruption. Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):364–73.

A journal article with 3 authors

Komatitsch D, Ritsema J, Tromp J. The spectral-element method, Beowulf computing, and global seismology. Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1737–42.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mikkola HKA, Klintman J, Yang H, Hock H, Schlaeger TM, Fujiwara Y, et al. Haematopoietic stem cells retain long-term repopulating activity and multipotency in the absence of stem-cell leukaemia SCL/tal-1 gene. Nature. 2003 Jan 30;421(6922):547–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Inherently Safer Chemical Processes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Zsolnai L, editor. Spirituality and Ethics in Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. XII, 222 p. (Issues in Business Ethics; vol. 19).

A chapter in an edited book

Hassenzahl M. The Thing and I: Understanding the Relationship Between User and Product. In: Blythe MA, Overbeeke K, Monk AF, Wright PC, editors. Funology: From Usability to Enjoyment. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. p. 31–42. (Karat J, Vanderdonckt J, Abowd G, Calvary G, Carroll J, Cockton G, et al., editors. Human-Computer Interaction Series).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. A Storm Knocked This Tree Over, And A Skeleton Was Found Hanging From The Roots [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/medieval-skeleton-found-under-tree/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. International School Feeding: USDA’s Oversight of the McGovern-Dole Food for Education Program Needs Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 May. Report No.: GAO-11-544.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roth MM. Depositional Environment of the Carbonate Cap Rock at the Pine Prairie Field, Evangeline Parish, Louisiana: Implications of Salt Diapirism on Cook Mountain Reservoir Genesis [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Tasting Every Calorie. New York Times. 2009 May 24;NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis.
ISSN (print)	1841-8724
ISSN (online)	1842-1121
Scope	Gastroenterology

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