How to format your references using the Erkenntnis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Erkenntnis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wittrock, U. (2010). Laryngeally echolocating bats. Nature, 466(7309), E6; discussion E7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Crespi, B., & Springer, S. (2003). Ecology. Social slime molds meet their match. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5603), 56–57.

A journal article with 3 authors

Palm, N. W., Rosenstein, R. K., & Medzhitov, R. (2012). Allergic host defences. Nature, 484(7395), 465–472.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

DiTullio, G. R., Grebmeier, J. M., Arrigo, K. R., Lizotte, M. P., Robinson, D. H., Leventer, A., et al. (2000). Rapid and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Nature, 404(6778), 595–598.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gerardi, M. H., & Zimmerman, M. C. (2004). Wastewater Pathogens. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Liamputtong, P. (Ed.). (2016). Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Cataudella, V., De Filippis, G., & Perroni, C. A. (2007). Single Polaron Properties in Different Electron Phonon Models. In A. S. Alexandrov (Ed.), Polarons in Advanced Materials (pp. 149–189). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Erkenntnis.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, June 2). Scientists Hope To Bring Giant Galapagos Tortoise Back From Extinction. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-hope-to-bring-giant-galapagos-tortoise-back-from-extinction/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2007). Telecommunications: GSA Has Accumulated Adequate Funding for Transition to New Contracts but Needs Cost Estimation Policy (No. GAO-07-268). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Howard, A. G. (2009). Large margin transformation learning (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., & Belson, K. (2012, July 2). Two Sprinters Agree to Runoff For Olympic Spot. New York Times, p. D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wittrock 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Crespi and Springer 2003; Wittrock 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Crespi and Springer 2003)
Three or more authors: (DiTullio et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Erkenntnis
Abbreviation	Erkenntnis
ISSN (print)	0165-0106
ISSN (online)	1572-8420
Scope	Philosophy Logic