How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stevenson DJ. Planetary science. Jupiter and its moons. Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):71–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fei Y, Bertka C. Planetary science. The interior of Mars. Science. 2005 May 20;308(5725):1120–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hillebrandt H, Friston KJ, Blakemore SJ. Effective connectivity during animacy perception--dynamic causal modelling of Human Connectome Project data. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 1;4:6240.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Oganov AR, Martonák R, Laio A, Raiteri P, Parrinello M. Anisotropy of Earth’s D’’ layer and stacking faults in the MgSiO3 post-perovskite phase. Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1142–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ko CJ, Barr RJ. Dermatopathology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Singh R, Vatsa M, Majumdar A, Kumar A, editors. Machine Intelligence and Signal Processing. 1st ed. 2016. New Delhi: Springer India; 2016. X, 163 p. 76 illus. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; vol. 390).

A chapter in an edited book

Moskos P. Observations on the Making of a Police Officer. In: Maltz MD, Rice SK, editors. Envisioning Criminology: Researchers on Research as a Process of Discovery. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 33–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases.

Blog post

Luntz S. Three Steps Forward For Solar Cell Research [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/three-steps-forward-for-solar-cell-research/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education and Employment Issue Area--Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Jan. Report No.: AA-97-13(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caballero Suarez OL. Effects of ion correlations in high density plasmas: Neutrino scattering and transport properties in supernovae and neutron star crusts [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ginsburg RB. R.B.G.’s Advice for Living. New York Times. 2016 Oct 1;SR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis.
ISSN (print)	1841-8724
ISSN (online)	1842-1121
Scope	Gastroenterology