How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pearson H. China caught out as model shows net fall in fish. Nature. 2001 Nov 29;414(6863):477.

A journal article with 2 authors

Class C, Goldstein SL. Evolution of helium isotopes in the Earth’s mantle. Nature. 2005 Aug 25;436(7054):1107–12.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grigoryan G, Reinke AW, Keating AE. Design of protein-interaction specificity gives selective bZIP-binding peptides. Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):859–64.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Saini P, Eyler DE, Green R, Dever TE. Hypusine-containing protein eIF5A promotes translation elongation. Nature. 2009 May 7;459(7243):118–21.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tasman A, Kay J, Ursano RJ. The Psychiatric Interview. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Jakimovski A. Walsh Equiconvergence of Complex Interpolating Polynomials. Sharma A, Szabados J, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. XIV, 298 p. (Springer Monographs in Mathematics).

A chapter in an edited book

Houmani H, Rabhi M, Abdelly C, Debez A. Implication of Rhizosphere Acidification in Nutrient Uptake by Plants: Cases of Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), and Iron (Fe). In: Hakeem KR, editor. Crop Production and Global Environmental Issues. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 103–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases.

Blog post

Fang J. Largest Ever Yellow Hypergiant Star Spotted. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Emergency Transportation Relief: Agencies Could Improve Collaboration Begun during Hurricane Sandy Response. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 May. Report No.: GAO-14-512.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Genc A. Phase Stability in Metallic Multilayers [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Maine Giving Social Security Another Look. New York Times. 2010 Jul 21;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis.
ISSN (print)	1841-8724
ISSN (online)	1842-1121
Scope	Gastroenterology