How to format your references using the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rine J. Cell biology. Twists in the tale of the aging yeast. Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1124–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lichtman JW, Denk W. The big and the small: challenges of imaging the brain’s circuits. Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):618–23.

A journal article with 3 authors

Burlaga LF, Ness NF, Stone EC. Magnetic field observations as Voyager 1 entered the heliosheath depletion region. Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):147–50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu KJ, Arron JR, Stankunas K, Crabtree GR, Longaker MT. Chemical rescue of cleft palate and midline defects in conditional GSK-3beta mice. Nature. 2007 Mar 1;446(7131):79–82.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tan Y. Artificial Immune System Applications in Computersecurity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Patton W. Career Development and Systems Theory: Connecting Theory and Practice. McMahon M, editor. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2014. XXII, 476 p. 5 illus. in color. (Career Development Series, Connecting Theory and Practice; vol. 2).

A chapter in an edited book

Galarreta D. A Contribution to a Semiotic Approach of Risk Management. In: Charrel PJ, Galarreta D, editors. Project Management and Risk Management in Complex Projects: Studies in Organizational Semiotics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 65–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. Newly-Discovered “Bat Frog” Named After Ozzy Osbourne [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/newly-discovered-bat-frog-named-after-ozzy-osbourne/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Business Systems Modernization: Internal Revenue Service’s Fiscal Year 2009 Expenditure Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Mar. Report No.: GAO-09-281.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rouhani M. Overdose prevention and naloxone distribution: A grant project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices Are Urged to Dismiss Padilla Case. New York Times. 2005 Dec 18;114.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Abbreviation	J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis.
ISSN (print)	1841-8724
ISSN (online)	1842-1121
Scope	Gastroenterology