How to format your references using the Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Molnar P. Jack oliver (1923-2011). Nature. 2011;470:176.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wolf A, Anderegg WRL. Comment on “Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species’ optimum elevations.” Science. 2011;334:177; author reply 177.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schmittner A, Yoshimori M, Weaver AJ. Instability of glacial climate in a model of the ocean- atmosphere-cryosphere system. Science. 2002;295:1489–93.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kirk EC, Cartmill M, Kay RF, Lemelin P. Comment on “Grasping primate origins.” Science. 2003;300:741; author reply 741.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Gray R. A History of American Literature. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

1. Wannemacker SD, Vandercruysse S, Clarebout G, editors. Serious Games: The Challenge: ITEC/CIP and T 2011: Joint Conference of the Interdisciplinary Research Group on Technology, Education, and Communication, and the Scientific Network on Critical and Flexible Thinking Ghent, Belgium, October 19-21, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Comazzi S. Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus. In: Mandelker L, Vajdovich P, editors. Studies on Veterinary Medicine. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2011. p. 77–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Identify Genetic Recipe For Lizard Tail Regeneration [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-identify-genetic-recipe-lizard-tail-regeneration/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Proposals to Enhance Aircraft Tracking and Flight Data Recovery May Aid Accident Investigation, but Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Apr. Report No.: GAO-15-443.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Seesengood BN. Analysis of the Repairability of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Masood S, Hubbard B. Pakistan Approves Military Hero to Head a Tricky Saudi-Led Alliance. New York Times. 2017 Apr 2;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0944-1174
ISSN (online)	1435-5922
Scope	Gastroenterology