How to format your references using the Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Stierle A. Materials science. Tracking corrosion cracking. Science. 2008;321:349–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gottfried K, Salpeter EE. Obituary: Hans A. Bethe (1906-2005). Nature. 2005;434:970–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bar-Yam Y, Harmon D, de Bivort B. Systems biology. Attractors and democratic dynamics. Science. 2009;323:1016–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Beermann J, Eriksen RL, Holmgaard T, Pedersen K, Bozhevolnyi SI. Plasmonic black metals via radiation absorption by two-dimensional arrays of ultra-sharp convex grooves. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6904.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rim CT, Mi C. Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles and Mobile Devices. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Coniam D, editor. English Language Education and Assessment: Recent Developments in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland. Singapore: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Zeegers M, Zhang X. English as a Foreign Language Curriculum Reform in China. In: Guo S, Guo Y, editors. Spotlight on China: Changes in Education under China’s Market Economy. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2016. p. 53–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. These Are Some Of Rosetta’s Last Stunning Images Of Comet 67P. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Biosurveillance: Observations on the Cancellation of BioWatch Gen-3 and Future Considerations for the Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Jun. Report No.: GAO-14-267T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tang J. Understanding the college experiences of Cambodian American students [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kenigsberg B. Review: ‘Mifune: The Last Samurai’ Celebrates a Fearless Actor. New York Times. 2016 Nov 24;C8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0944-1174
ISSN (online)	1435-5922
Scope	Gastroenterology