How to format your references using the Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Feinberg AP. Phenotypic plasticity and the epigenetics of human disease. Nature. 2007;447:433–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Daubin V, Moran NA. Comment on “The origins of genome complexity.” Science. 2004;306:978; author reply 978.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sun X, Mariani FV, Martin GR. Functions of FGF signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge in limb development. Nature. 2002;418:501–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ingersoll AP, Gierasch PJ, Banfield D, Vasavada AR. Moist convection as an energy source for the large-scale motions in Jupiter’s atmosphere. Galileo Imaging Team. Nature. 2000;403:630–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. zur Hausen H. Infections Causing Human Cancer. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.

An edited book

1. Ho Y-S, Sang J, Ro YM, Kim J, Wu F, editors. Advances in Multimedia Information Processing -- PCM 2015: 16th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Gwangju, South Korea, September 16-18, 2015, Proceedings, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Iaconetta G, Ferrer E, Galino AP, Enseñat J, de Notaris M. Frontotemporal Approach. In: Cappabianca P, Iaconetta G, Califano L, editors. Cranial, Craniofacial and Skull Base Surgery. Milano: Springer; 2010. p. 39–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. Why Are Most People Right Handed? The Answer May Be In The Mouths Of Our Ancestors [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-are-most-people-right-handed-the-answer-may-be-in-the-mouths-of-our-ancestors/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Air Safety: FAA’s Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Feb. Report No.: RCED-88-66BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Cortez A. Life Is A Highway: Finding Your Way and Finding the Words [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Moldova: Opposition Politician Missing. New York Times. 2002 Mar 27;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0944-1174
ISSN (online)	1435-5922
Scope	Gastroenterology