How to format your references using the Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Miyamoto K. Structural model of ubiquitin transfer onto an artificial RING finger as an E3 ligase. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6574.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Norris DJ, Aydil ES. Materials science. Getting Moore from solar cells. Science. 2012;338:625–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Boguski MS, Mandl KD, Sukhatme VP. Drug discovery. Repurposing with a difference. Science. 2009;324:1394–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jha N, Ramesh P, Bekyarova E, Tian X, Wang F, Itkis ME, et al. Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube-based fuel cell benchmarked against US DOE 2017 technical targets. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2257.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Purkis S, Klemas V. Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

1. Brown G, Chiek Y, editors. Leibniz on Compossibility and Possible Worlds. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Trebše R, Trampuž A. The Definition of Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJI). In: Trebše R, editor. Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty: The Algorithmic Approach. London: Springer; 2012. p. 23–30.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Man sues NASA for failing to investigate “alien life” on Mars [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/man-sues-nasa-failing-investigate-“alien-life”-mars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: DEA Has Developed Plans and Established Controls for Business Continuity Planning. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Oct. Report No.: AIMD-00-8.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Cubarrubia AP. Exploring the influence of external standards of institutional effectiveness on program assessment in student affairs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wasik JF. Reverse Mortgages Are Quietly Making a Comeback. New York Times. 2016 Jul 22;B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0944-1174
ISSN (online)	1435-5922
Scope	Gastroenterology