How to format your references using the Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P.J. Armitage, Astronomy. A trap for planet formation, Science 340 (2013) 1179–1180.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.M. Fedo, M.J. Whitehouse, Metasomatic origin of quartz-pyroxene rock, Akilia, Greenland, and implications for Earth’s earliest life, Science 296 (2002) 1448–1452.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Q. Chen, S.C. Bae, S. Granick, Directed self-assembly of a colloidal kagome lattice, Nature 469 (2011) 381–384.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.F. Lamoreux, J.C. Morrison, T.H. Ricketts, D.M. Olson, E. Dinerstein, M.W. McKnight, H.H. Shugart, Global tests of biodiversity concordance and the importance of endemism, Nature 440 (2006) 212–214.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Minoli, A Networking Approach to Grid Computing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2004.

An edited book

[1]

C.K. Dixit, A. Kaushik, eds., Microfluidics for Biologists: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Minarovits, Epigenotypes of Latent Herpesvirus Genomes, in: W. Doerfler, P. Böhm (Eds.), DNA Methylation: Development, Genetic Disease and Cancer, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 61–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Low Oxygen Levels In The Ocean Could Lead To More Wildfires In The Future, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/low-oxygen-levels-in-the-ocean-could-lead-to-more-wildfires-in-the-future/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Student and Exchange Visitor Program: DHS Needs to Take Actions to Strengthen Monitoring of Schools, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.T. Webb, “The mirroring that binds into freedom”: Stevens, Jeffers, Heidegger and the inhuman, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G.G. Gustines, Comics Series Ending, New York Times (2017) C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging
Abbreviation	J. Forens. Radiol. Imaging
ISSN (print)	2212-4780
Scope