How to format your references using the Journal of Foot and Ankle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Diehl RA. Archaeology. Patterns of cultural primacy. Science. 2005;307:1055–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mullen GM, Mullins CB. Chemistry. Water’s place in Au catalysis. Science. 2014;345:1564–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zijlstra P, Chon JWM, Gu M. Five-dimensional optical recording mediated by surface plasmons in gold nanorods. Nature. 2009;459:410–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Houlton BZ, Wang Y-P, Vitousek PM, Field CB. A unifying framework for dinitrogen fixation in the terrestrial biosphere. Nature. 2008;454:327–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hübschmann H-J. Handbook of GC-MS. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2015.

An edited book

1. Jervis MA, editor. Insects As Natural Enemies: A Practical Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Khassanchine RH, Timofeev AN, Galygin AN, Kostiuk VI, Tsvelev VM. INFLUENCE OF ELECTRON RADIATION ON OUTGASSING OF SPACECRAFT MATERIALS. In: Kleiman JI, editor. PROTECTION OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FROM THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 43–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Extreme New Objects Found At The Edge of The Solar System. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Geographic Information Systems: Status at Selected Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Aug. Report No.: IMTEC-90-74FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Blazer AE. “I Am Otherwise”: The Romance Between Poetry and Theory After the Death of the Subject [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2003.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg B. Remodeling the U.S. Fed Cup Team. New York Times. 2016 Dec 14;B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
Abbreviation	J. Foot Ankle Res.
ISSN (online)	1757-1146
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

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