How to format your references using the Journal of Foot and Ankle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sloggett JJ. Comment on “Invasive harlequin ladybird carries biological weapons against native competitors.” Science. 2013;341:1342.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rey G, Reddy AB. Physiology. Rhythmic respiration. Science. 2013;342:570–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sang L, Coller HA, Roberts JM. Control of the reversibility of cellular quiescence by the transcriptional repressor HES1. Science. 2008;321:1095–100.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Tan CSH, Go KD, Bisteau X, Dai L, Yong CH, Prabhu N, et al. Thermal proximity coaggregation for system-wide profiling of protein complex dynamics in cells. Science. 2018;359:1170–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Liebhart R, Chandramouli D, Wong C, Merkel J. LTE for Public Safety. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Gerasimovskaya E, Kaczmarek E, editors. Extracellular ATP and Adenosine as Regulators of Endothelial Cell Function: Implications for Health and Disease. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. ter Mors M, Drost R, Harmsen F. Project Portfolio Management in Practice. In: Harmsen F, Proper E, Schalkwijk F, Barjis J, Overbeek S, editors. Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation: Second Working Conference, PRET 2010, Delft, The Netherlands, November 11, 2010 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 107–26.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Explainer: What Is A Superconductor? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Strategic Sealift: Summary of Workshop on Crewing the Ready Reserve Force. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Jun. Report No.: NSIAD-94-177.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Terrell S. How Global Leaders Develop: A Phenomenological Study of Global Leadership Development [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Justices Agree to Hear Case Challenging Voter ID Laws. New York Times. 2007 Sep 26;A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
Abbreviation	J. Foot Ankle Res.
ISSN (online)	1757-1146
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine