How to format your references using the Journal of Foot and Ankle Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Moore P. Simplifying the probe set. Nature. 2005;435:238.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gombosi TI, Hansen KC. Saturn’s variable magnetosphere. Science. 2005;307:1224–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Blair AC, Fisher ER, Rickey D. IBI* series winner. Discovering nanoscience. Science. 2012;337:1056–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Akhter S, Bailey BA, Salamon P, Aziz RK, Edwards RA. Applying Shannon’s information theory to bacterial and phage genomes and metagenomes. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Guochao Q, Shuyu T, Min Z, Chun J. The Environment and Landscape in Motorway Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Jiang T, Navab N, Pluim JPW, Viergever MA, editors. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2010: 13th International Conference, Beijing, China, September 20-24, 2010, Proceedings, Part III. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Tronti L. The July Protocol and Economic Growth: The Chance Missed. In: Acocella N, Leoni R, editors. Social Pacts, Employment and Growth: A Reappraisal of Ezio Tarantelli’s Thought. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD; 2007. p. 69–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Activating The Brain’s “No-Go” Neurons Can Kill The Urge To Drink [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/activating-the-brains-nogo-neurons-can-kill-the-urge-to-drink/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Standard Definitions: Missing and Needed Software Tools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Jan. Report No.: 091116.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dickson B. Yielding architecture: A manifesto for [urban + agri]culture [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Barron J. A Historic Home Burns, and Suspicions Spread. New York Times. 2017 Feb 8;A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
Abbreviation	J. Foot Ankle Res.
ISSN (online)	1757-1146
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine