How to format your references using the Journal of Ethology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ethology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Azoulay P (2012) Research efficiency: Turn the scientific method on ourselves. Nature 484:31–32

A journal article with 2 authors

Cooper VS, Lenski RE (2000) The population genetics of ecological specialization in evolving Escherichia coli populations. Nature 407:736–739

A journal article with 3 authors

Moynier F, Yin Q-Z, Schauble E (2011) Isotopic evidence of Cr partitioning into Earth’s core. Science 331:1417–1420

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Janssen EM, Lemmens EE, Wolfe T, et al (2003) CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Nature 421:852–856

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gao J (2015) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for Circuit Design. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore

An edited book

Falkenburg B, Morrison M (eds) (2015) Why More Is Different: Philosophical Issues in Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Botti V, Garrido A, Giret A, Noriega P (2012) The Role of MAS as a Decision Support Tool in a Water-Rights Market. In: Dechesne F, Hattori H, Mors AT, et al. (eds) Advanced Agent Technology: AAMAS 2011 Workshops, AMPLE, AOSE, ARMS, DOCM3AS, ITMAS, Taipei, Taiwan, May 2-6, 2011. Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 35–49

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ethology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) A Woman Has Been Given A New 3D Printed Skull. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/woman-has-been-given-new-3d-printed-skull/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Attack Warning: Lack of System Architecture Contributes to Major Development Problems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McMiller B (2010) Policy analysis on the Adoption and Safe Family Act of 1997. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowan AL (2013) Family’s Tenacity and Wealth Put Skakel at Cusp of Freedom. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Azoulay 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Cooper and Lenski 2000; Azoulay 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cooper and Lenski 2000)
Three or more authors: (Janssen et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ethology
Abbreviation	J. Ethol.
ISSN (print)	0289-0771
ISSN (online)	1439-5444
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics