How to format your references using the Journal of Ethology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ethology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott A (2006) Rumblings from the fringe. Nature 439:910–911

A journal article with 2 authors

Burch CL, Chao L (2000) Evolvability of an RNA virus is determined by its mutational neighbourhood. Nature 406:625–628

A journal article with 3 authors

Senn MS, Wright JP, Attfield JP (2011) Charge order and three-site distortions in the Verwey structure of magnetite. Nature 481:173–176

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Larsson EM, Langhammer C, Zorić I, Kasemo B (2009) Nanoplasmonic probes of catalytic reactions. Science 326:1091–1094

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grinyer A (2012) Palliative and End of Life Care for Children and Young People. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Martin TA, Jiang WG (eds) (2013) Tight Junctions in Cancer Metastasis. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Macalister J (2016) Adapting and Adopting Materials. In: Azarnoosh M, Zeraatpishe M, Faravani A, Kargozari HR (eds) Issues in Materials Development. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 57–64

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ethology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Astronomers Spot Cosmic “Dinosaur Egg” That’s About To Hatch. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-spot-cosmic-dinosaur-egg/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) Improvements in Certain District of Columbia Public Schools’ Administrative Operations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fox RN (2009) Interpreting architecture: A Krauszian approach. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yee V, Schweber N (2015) Fleeting Stability for a Woman Charged With Killing Her Son. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Burch and Chao 2000; Abbott 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Burch and Chao 2000)
Three or more authors: (Larsson et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ethology
Abbreviation	J. Ethol.
ISSN (print)	0289-0771
ISSN (online)	1439-5444
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics