How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 2002;420(6917):868-874.

A journal article with 2 authors

Qian L, Winfree E. Scaling up digital circuit computation with DNA strand displacement cascades. Science. 2011;332(6034):1196-1201.

A journal article with 3 authors

Christodoulides DN, Lederer F, Silberberg Y. Discretizing light behaviour in linear and nonlinear waveguide lattices. Nature. 2003;424(6950):817-823.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Burg TP, Godin M, Knudsen SM, et al. Weighing of biomolecules, single cells and single nanoparticles in fluid. Nature. 2007;446(7139):1066-1069.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Frank P, Ottoboni MA. The Dose Makes the Poison. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Renandya WA, Widodo HP, eds. English Language Teaching Today: Linking Theory and Practice. Vol 5. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Aksamit AJ. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. In: Jackson AC, ed. Viral Infections of the Human Nervous System. Springer; 2013:65-86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Tiny Vampires In Ancient Seas Sucked The Insides Out Of Their Prey. IFLScience. Published May 26, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tiny-vampires-ancient-seas-sucked-insides-out-their-prey/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Rural Children: Increasing Poverty Rates Pose Educational Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greene AE. An Inquiry into Workplace Incivility: Perceptions of Working Graduate Students. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Residents Banish a Coffee Cart, Amid Cries of Uncaring Elitism. New York Times. January 21, 2001:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0917-5040
Scope	General Medicine Epidemiology

Research and Writing Guides