How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Peto J. Cancer epidemiology in the last century and the next decade. Nature. 2001;411(6835):390-395.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gomes CP, Selman B. Computer science. Satisfied with physics. Science. 2002;297(5582):784-785.

A journal article with 3 authors

Savrasov SY, Kotliar G, Abrahams E. Correlated electrons in delta-plutonium within a dynamical mean-field picture. Nature. 2001;410(6830):793-795.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pang PT, Teng HK, Zaitsev E, et al. Cleavage of proBDNF by tPA/plasmin is essential for long-term hippocampal plasticity. Science. 2004;306(5695):487-491.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walker C, Fincham B. Work and the Mental Health Crisis in Britain. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Rivera FI. Disaster Vulnerability, Hazards and Resilience: Perspectives from Florida. (Kapucu N, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Benci V, Grisanti CR, Micheletti AM. Existence of Solutions for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with V (∞) = 0. In: Cazenave T, Costa D, Lopes O, et al., eds. Contributions to Nonlinear Analysis: A Tribute to D.G. de Figueiredo on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday. Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications. Birkhäuser; 2006:53-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

Taub B. Scientists Can Now Erase Specific Fears From Your Brain. IFLScience. November 21, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-can-now-erase-specific-fears-brain/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Customs Automated Commercial Environment Program Progressing, but Need for Management Improvements Continues. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Proser M. Ingredients for Optimal Care: Exploring Factors Associated with Patient Quality Outcomes among Federally-Qualified Health Centers. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Mandela’s Prison Letters Are to Be Published. New York Times. June 27, 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0917-5040
Scope	General Medicine Epidemiology