How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Riding R. Geochemistry. A hard life for cyanobacteria. Science. 2012;336(6080):427-428.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liberles SD, Buck LB. A second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium. Nature. 2006;442(7103):645-650.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bryant P, Nunes T, Snaith R. Children learn an untaught rule of spelling. Nature. 2000;403(6766):157-158.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cervelli P, Segall P, Johnson K, Lisowski M, Miklius A. Sudden aseismic fault slip on the south flank of Kilauea volcano. Nature. 2002;415(6875):1014-1018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ersoy OK. Diffraction, Fourier Optics and Imaging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Wicklun. Professional Sitecore 8 Development: A Complete Guide to Solutions and Best Practices. (Wilkerson J, ed.). Apress; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Assali AA, Lenne D, Debray B. Heterogeneity in Ontological CBR Systems. In: Montani S, Jain LC, eds. Successful Case-Based Reasoning Applications - I. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer; 2010:97-116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Six Things You Can Do With Coffee – After You’ve Finished Drinking It. IFLScience. Published October 30, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/six-things-you-can-do-coffee-after-you-ve-finished-drinking-it/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security: Telephone Access Enhanced at Field Offices Under Demonstration Project. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hogg JH. An Assessment of Social Vulnerability in Yuba County, California. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times. April 24, 2015:C31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0917-5040
Scope	General Medicine Epidemiology