How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clayton RN. Planetary science: Meteorites and their parent asteroids. Science. 2006;313(5794):1743-1744.

A journal article with 2 authors

Porcello D, Hsi S. Science education. Crowdsourcing and curating online education resources. Science. 2013;341(6143):240-241.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fuchs B, Sornette D, Thurner S. Fractal multi-level organisation of human groups in a virtual world. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6526.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hernandez LD, Hueffer K, Wenk MR, Galán JE. Salmonella modulates vesicular traffic by altering phosphoinositide metabolism. Science. 2004;304(5678):1805-1807.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Floridi L, Taddeo M, eds. The Ethics of Information Warfare. Vol 14. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Aptekar L, Stoecklin D. Programs: Typical and Exemplary. In: Stoecklin D, ed. Street Children and Homeless Youth: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Springer Netherlands; 2014:163-216.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Harambe The Gorilla Put Zoo In A Lose-Lose Situation – By Being Himself. IFLScience. June 1, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/harambe-gorilla-put-zoo-lose-lose-situation-being-himself/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Broadcasting Board of Governors: Additional Steps Needed to Address Overlap in International Broadcasting. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bobadilla J. Helping At-Risk Youth through a Preventative Program. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum MM. Right-Wing Provocateur Is Given More Fodder for His Conspiracies. New York Times. October 9, 2017:A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0917-5040
Scope	General Medicine Epidemiology