How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Language lessons: Heidelberg. Nature. 2003;423(6937):364-365.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sommer MA, Wurtz RH. Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal cortex. Nature. 2006;444(7117):374-377.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xiao S, Zhou C, Yuan X. Palaeontology: undressing and redressing Ediacaran embryos. Nature. 2007;446(7136):E9-10; discussion E10-1.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Soma S, Shimegi S, Suematsu N, Sato H. Cholinergic modulation of response gain in the rat primary visual cortex. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1138.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krasner D. A History of Modern Drama. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Brown BM, Lang J, Wood IG, eds. Spectral Theory, Function Spaces and Inequalities: New Techniques and Recent Trends. Vol 219. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Herout A, Dubská M, Havel J. PClines: Line Parameterization Based on Parallel Coordinates. In: Dubská M, Havel J, eds. Real-Time Detection of Lines and Grids: By PClines and Other Approaches. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. Springer; 2013:35-40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

Davis J. Reversible Saliva Is What Makes A Frog’s Tongue So Sticky. IFLScience. February 2, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/reversible-saliva-is-what-makes-a-frogs-tongue-so-sticky/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Narcotic Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation Programs in New York City. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Van Vlack KA. Puaxant Tuvip: Powerlands Southern Paiute Cultural Landscapes and Pilgrimage Trails. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Bury Lenin? Russian Minister Stirs Debate Over Soviet Past. New York Times. June 14, 2012:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0917-5040
Scope	General Medicine Epidemiology