How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lloyd C. Plant science. Microtubules make tracks for cellulose. Science 2006;312:1482–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Green DR, Kroemer G. The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Science 2004;305:626–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Donoso M, Collins AGE, Koechlin E. Human cognition. Foundations of human reasoning in the prefrontal cortex. Science 2014;344:1481–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dickinson M, Farman G, Frye M, et al. Molecular dynamics of cyclically contracting insect flight muscle in vivo. Nature 2005;433:330–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wagner D, Balog E. Advanced Technical Analysis of ETFs. Hoboken, NJ: : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.

An edited book

Zhang H-G, editor. Emerging Concepts of Tumor Exosome–Mediated Cell-Cell Communication. New York, NY: : Springer 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Cartland J, Ruch-Ross HS. The Researcher’s Mark: What Researchers Bring to Communities, and What May or May Not be Left Behind When Their Work is Done. In: Fritz JM, Rhéaume J, eds. Community Intervention: Clinical Sociology Perspectives. New York, NY: : Springer 2014. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

Blog post

Hale T. Police Wanted To Track A Mountain Lion But Found This Madness Instead. IFLScience. 2016.https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/police-wanted-to-track-a-mountain-lion-but-found-this-madness-instead/ (accessed 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Educational Assistance for Institutionalized Neglected or Delinquent Children. Washington, DC: : U.S. Government Printing Office 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clavio G. Uses and gratifications of Internet collegiate sport message board users. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. House Republicans Advance Plan to Rescue Puerto Rico. New York Times. 2016;:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol. Community Health
ISSN (print)	0143-005X
ISSN (online)	1470-2738
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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