How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sethna JP. Materials science. Crackling wires. Science. 2007;318:207–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Coe FL, Asplin JR. Medicine. Stopping the stones. Science. 2010;330:325–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hunt GR, Corballis MC, Gray RD. Animal behaviour: Laterality in tool manufacture by crows. Nature. 2001;414:707.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fujita S, Yamanoi S, Murata K, et al. A repeatedly refuelable mediated biofuel cell based on a hierarchical porous carbon electrode. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4937.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boddy R, Smith G. Effective Experimentation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2010.

An edited book

Visgilio GR, Whitelaw DM, editors. Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects. Boston, MA: Springer US 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Seidengart J. The Inception of the Concept of Infinite Physical Space in the Time of Copernicus and Giordano Bruno. In: Vermeir K, Regier J, eds. Boundaries, Extents and Circulations: Space and Spatiality in Early Modern Natural Philosophy. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016:107–24.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Hunt: A Natural History Series That Challenges Us To Side With The Predators. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hunt-natural-history-series-challenges-us-side-predators/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: VA Actions Needed to Implement Critical Reforms. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Merritt KM. Predicting the Success of Running Back Prospects in the National Football League. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. A Guide to Graveside Tourism. New York Times. 2017;BR6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol. Community Health
ISSN (print)	0143-005X
ISSN (online)	1470-2738
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health