How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Making a move on mobility. Nature. 2005;435:709.

A journal article with 2 authors

Iwamoto H, Yagi N. The molecular trigger for high-speed wing beats in a bee. Science. 2013;341:1243–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Millonig JH, Millen KJ, Hatten ME. The mouse Dreher gene Lmx1a controls formation of the roof plate in the vertebrate CNS. Nature. 2000;403:764–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang J, Zhang Z, Roe SM, et al. Activation of Rho GTPases by DOCK exchange factors is mediated by a nucleotide sensor. Science. 2009;325:1398–402.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McMaster MC. HPLC. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007.

An edited book

Feichtinger HG. Pseudo-Differential Operators: Quantization and Signals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Chodkiewicz H. Fostering Strategy Use in a Reading-Based Course in EFL Academic Context: Students’ Perspectives. In: Gabryś-Barker D, Wojtaszek A, eds. Studying Second Language Acquisition from a Qualitative Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2014:49–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

Blog post

Carpineti A. CERN Just Released The First Results From Their Latest Experiment. IFLScience. 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Freight Railroad Safety: Hours of Service Changes Have Increased Rest Time, but More Can Be Done to Address Fatigue Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farhad K. Development of a web-based educational resource on the most effective micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Quain JR. The Light-Sensing Technology Carmakers Are Clamoring For. New York Times. 2017;B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol. Community Health
ISSN (print)	0143-005X
ISSN (online)	1470-2738
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health