How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Laxminarayan R. Antibiotic effectiveness: balancing conservation against innovation. Science. 2014;345:1299–301.

A journal article with 2 authors

DeLong EF, Karl DM. Genomic perspectives in microbial oceanography. Nature. 2005;437:336–42.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weaver JC, Vaughan TE, Astumian RD. Biological sensing of small field differences by magnetically sensitive chemical reactions. Nature. 2000;405:707–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Garrison JL, Kunkel EJ, Hegde RS, et al. A substrate-specific inhibitor of protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum. Nature. 2005;436:285–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sigrist J-F. Fluid-Structure Interaction. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2015.

An edited book

Hilten B van, Nuttin B, editors. Proceedings of the Medtronic Forum for Neuroscience and Neuro-Technology 2005. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Potter GB, Gibbs JC, Robbins M, et al. Equipping a Responsible Adult Culture Through Equipment Meetings. In: Gibbs JC, Robbins M, Langdon PE, eds. A Comprehensive Cognitive Behavioral Program for Offenders: Responsible Adult Culture. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2015:131–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

Blog post

Fang J. Fossils Reveal That Modern Humans Were Living In China 20,000 Years Before We Thought They Left Africa. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/humans-lived-china-long-europe-study/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology and Government Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Truong T. Microfluidics-based system for high-throughput analysis of nitrite in harbor water. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. JUSTICES WEIGH MILITARY’S ACCESS TO LAW SCHOOLS. New York Times. 2005;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol. Community Health
ISSN (print)	0143-005X
ISSN (online)	1470-2738
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health