How to format your references using the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Friedman J. Douglas Coleman (1931-2014). Nature. 2014;509:564.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thompson H, Tucker AS. Dual origin of the epithelium of the mammalian middle ear. Science. 2013;339:1453–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karlseder J, Smogorzewska A, de Lange T. Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss. Science. 2002;295:2446–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Baker S, Robinson JS, Haworth CA, et al. Probing proton dynamics in molecules on an attosecond time scale. Science. 2006;312:424–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kula G, Raab M, Stahn S. Beyond Smart Beta. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2017.

An edited book

Lewis JR. AdvancED CSS. Berkeley, CA: Apress 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Shakarian P, Subrahmanian VS, Dickerson JP. Geospatial Abduction with Adaptive Adversaries. In: Subrahmanian VS, ed. Geospatial Abduction: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: Springer 2011:93–146.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

Blog post

Hale T. Video Of A Mock Occult Ritual At CERN Circulates Online. IFLScience. 2016. (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. UMTA’s Research and Development Program Should Pay Closer Attention to Transit Industry Needs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sharp K. The Epistolary Form: A Familiar Fiction. 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Thrown by Life’s Curveballs, A Star Missed the Signals. New York Times. 2013;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Abbreviation	J. Epidemiol. Community Health
ISSN (print)	0143-005X
ISSN (online)	1470-2738
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health