How to format your references using the Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Smaglik, Chemistry’s clouded view, Nature. 421 (2003) 295.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G.O. Poinar Jr, B.N. Danforth, A fossil bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber, Science. 314 (2006) 614.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.K. Biswas, J. Atulasimha, S. Bandyopadhyay, An error-resilient non-volatile magneto-elastic universal logic gate with ultralow energy-delay product, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7553.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Horie, S.J. Robbie, J. Liu, W.-K. Wu, R.R. Ali, J.W. Bainbridge, L.B. Nicholson, M. Mochizuki, A.D. Dick, D.A. Copland, CD200R signaling inhibits pro-angiogenic gene expression by macrophages and suppresses choroidal neovascularization, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3072.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H. zur Hausen, Infections Causing Human Cancer, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

A.R. Londral, P. Encarnação, eds., Advances in Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics: Revised Selected Papers from the 2nd International Congress on Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics (NEUROTECHNIX 2014), October 25-26, Rome, Italy, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Vila, A. Estruch, H.R. Siller, J.V. Abellán, F. Romero, Workflow Methodology for Collaborative Design and Manufacturing, in: Y. Luo (Ed.), Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering: 4th International Conference, CDVE 2007, Shanghai, China, September 16-20, 2007. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007: pp. 42–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Why Rosetta Is The Greatest Space Mission Of Our Lifetime, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/space/why-rosetta-greatest-space-mission-our-lifetime-0/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Digital Broadcast Television Transition: Several Challenges Could Arise in Administering a Subsidy Program for DTV Equipment, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.W. Wurster, Management matter? Effects of charcoal production management on woodland regeneration in Senegal, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Kenigsberg, Midsummer in Newtown, New York Times. (2017) C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
Abbreviation	J. Electron Spectros. Relat. Phenomena
ISSN (print)	0368-2048
Scope	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Spectroscopy Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Radiation