How to format your references using the Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Schimmel, Alexander Rich (1924-2015), Nature 521 (2015) 291.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Silvente-Poirot, M. Poirot, Cancer. Cholesterol and cancer, in the balance, Science 343 (2014) 1445–1446.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.A. Harvey, L.S. Corley, M.R. Strand, Competition induces adaptive shifts in caste ratios of a polyembryonic wasp, Nature 406 (2000) 183–186.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

T. Nakamura, T. Noguchi, M. Tanaka, M.E. Zolensky, M. Kimura, A. Tsuchiyama, A. Nakato, T. Ogami, H. Ishida, M. Uesugi, T. Yada, K. Shirai, A. Fujimura, R. Okazaki, S.A. Sandford, Y. Ishibashi, M. Abe, T. Okada, M. Ueno, T. Mukai, M. Yoshikawa, J. Kawaguchi, Itokawa dust particles: a direct link between S-type asteroids and ordinary chondrites, Science 333 (2011) 1113–1116.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.F. English, The Global Future of English Studies, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

I. El Naqa, R. Li, M.J. Murphy, eds., Machine Learning in Radiation Oncology: Theory and Applications, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Z. Zeng, X. Xu, D. Chen, Biophysical Characteristics of DCs in Tumor Microenvironment, in: X. Xu, D. Chen (Eds.), Dendritic Cells: Biophysics, Tumor Microenvironment and Chinese Traditional Medicine, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2015: pp. 25–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Study Concludes That Women Who Squirt During Sex Are Actually Peeing, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/women-squirting-during-sex-may-actually-be-peeing/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Guaranteed Student Loans: Comparisons of Single State and Multistate Guaranty Agencies, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D.L. Stanfill, Teacher perception of the alignment of enhancing Missouri’s Instructional Networked Teaching Strategies (eMINTS) with the National Staff Development Council (NSDC) Standards, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

N. MacFARQUHAR, Russian Movie Gets Applause in Hollywood but Scorn at Home, New York Times (2015) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
Abbreviation	J. Electron Spectros. Relat. Phenomena
ISSN (print)	0368-2048
Scope	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Spectroscopy Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Radiation