How to format your references using the Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Kassen, If you want to win the game, you must join in, Nature 480 (2011) 153.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.K. Norskov, C.H. Christensen, Chemistry. Toward efficient hydrogen production at surfaces, Science 312 (2006) 1322–1323.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Okabe, T. Sano, S. Nagata, Regulation of the innate immune response by threonine-phosphatase of Eyes absent, Nature 460 (2009) 520–524.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Shi, C. Xu, C. Yang, Y. Chen, J. Liu, F. Kang, Flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets with outstanding electrochemical performance and aesthetic property, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2598.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Grose, Construction Law in the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

J.N. Kok, J. Koronacki, R.L. de Mantaras, S. Matwin, D. Mladenič, A. Skowron, eds., Machine Learning: ECML 2007: 18th European Conference on Machine Learning, Warsaw, Poland, September 17-21, 2007. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. Zheng, G. Xi, J. Chen, Contribution Degree’s Application in the Research of Elements of TCM Syndromes, in: D.-S. Huang, K.-H. Jo, H.-H. Lee, H.-J. Kang, V. Bevilacqua (Eds.), Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications: 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2009, Ulsan, South Korea, September 16-19, 2009. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 28–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Museum Plaster Model was Actually the Fossil of a New Ichthyosaur Species, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Capitalization and Use of the Automatic Data Processing Fund That Is Administered by the General Services Administration, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D.E. Milliken, Blood pressure measurement in the primary care provider setting: A project evaluating the blood pressure technique of nursing staff, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Barron, Robert A. Wilson, 94; Ran a Haven for Poets, New York Times (2016) D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
Abbreviation	J. Electron Spectros. Relat. Phenomena
ISSN (print)	0368-2048
Scope	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Spectroscopy Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Radiation