How to format your references using the Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chipman A. Contest puts brakes on carbon capture. Nature 2007;447:1044–1045.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yau ST, Vekilov PG. Quasi-planar nucleus structure in apoferritin crystallization. Nature 2000;406:494–497.

A journal article with 3 authors

Levine JH, Lin Y, Elowitz MB. Functional roles of pulsing in genetic circuits. Science 2013;342:1193–1200.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rouzi AA, Almansouri N, Sahly N, et al. Efficacy of intra-cervical misoprostol in the management of early pregnancy failure. Sci Rep 2014;4:7182.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Calloway J. Work Like You’re Showing Off! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Abdelrahman OH, Gelenbe E, Gorbil G, et al. eds. Information Sciences and Systems 2015: 30th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (ISCIS 2015). 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Zäpfel G, Braune R, Bögl M. Metaheuristics Based on Solution Construction. In: Braune R, Bögl M, eds. Metaheuristic Search Concepts: A Tutorial with Applications to Production and Logistics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010:75–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Evans K. Boaty McBoatface Submarine Set To Attempt Epic Arctic Trip. IFLScience 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/boaty-mcboatface-submarine-set-to-attempt-epic-arctic-trip/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Truck Safety: Share the Road Safely Pilot Initiative Showed Promise, but the Program’s Future Success Is Uncertain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ly L. Performance Appraisal in a Family Business. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams TC. Radical Ambition. New York Times 2017:MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Gastroenterology
ISSN (print)	0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
Scope	Gastroenterology

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