How to format your references using the Journal of Display Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Display Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

U. D. Schwarz, “Tribology. Tracking antiwear film formation,” Science, vol. 348, no. 6230, pp. 40–41, Apr. 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. I. Miller and M. Foote, “Epicontinental seas versus open-ocean settings: the kinetics of mass extinction and origination,” Science, vol. 326, no. 5956, pp. 1106–1109, Nov. 2009.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J. Courtial, J. Leach, and M. J. Padgett, “Fractals in pixellated video feedback,” Nature, vol. 414, no. 6866, p. 864, 2001.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Kawasaki, J. Lee, A. Matsuzawa, T. Kohda, T. Kaneko-Ishino, and F. Ishino, “Active DNA demethylation is required for complete imprint erasure in primordial germ cells,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 3658, Jan. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Chappell, Building Contract Claims. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

M. A. Salam, Power Systems Grounding. in Power Systems. Singapore: Springer, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Carr, “World View and the Dynamics of Change: The Beginning and the End of Scioto Hopewell Culture and Lifeways,” in The Scioto Hopewell and Their Neighbors: Bioarchaeological Documentation and Cultural Understanding, C. Carr, Ed., in Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. , New York, NY: Springer, 2008, pp. 289–328.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Display Technology.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Upgraded LHC Pushes Physics Into The Unknown,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “The Effects of Changes in the Telecommunications Industry on FCC Operations,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 122443, Sep. 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

V. J. Gardina, “Analysis of LiDAR data for fluvial geomorphic change detection at a small Maryland stream,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Crow, “Frequent Fliers: Takeout Menus Can’t Compete With Politics,” New York Times, p. 144, Sep. 09, 2001.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Display Technology
Abbreviation	J. Display Technol.
ISSN (print)	1551-319X
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics