How to format your references using the Journal of Development Effectiveness citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Development Effectiveness. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rees, Jonathan. 2002. “Complex Disease and the New Clinical Sciences.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5568): 698–700.

A journal article with 2 authors

Losick, R., and A. L. Sonenshein. 2001. “Molecular Biology. Turning Gene Regulation on Its Head.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 293 (5537): 2018–2019.

A journal article with 3 authors

Clutton-Brock, T. H., T. Coulson, and J. M. Milner. 2004. “Red Deer Stocks in the Highlands of Scotland.” Nature 429 (6989): 261–262.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhu, Min, Wenjin Zhao, Liantao Jia, Jing Lu, Tuo Qiao, and Qingming Qu. 2009. “The Oldest Articulated Osteichthyan Reveals Mosaic Gnathostome Characters.” Nature 458 (7237): 469–474.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jay, Stephen A. 2006. High Voltage Electricity Installations. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Reithmaier, Johann Peter, Perica Paunovic, Wilhelm Kulisch, Cyril Popov, and Plamen Petkov, eds. 2011. Nanotechnological Basis for Advanced Sensors. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Morse, David. 2014. “Phone Call at 2 Am.” In Universe of Scales: From Nanotechnology to Cosmology: Symposium in Honor of Minoru M. Freund, edited by Friedemann Freund and Stephanie Langhoff, 11–11. Springer Proceedings in Physics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Development Effectiveness.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2015. “Man Has Night Vision Injected Into His Eyeballs.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/biohacker-had-night-vision-injected-his-eyeballs/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Aviation Research: Actions to Enhance the Effectiveness of FAA’s Research Activities. T-RCED-93-40. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ports, Michael O. 2009. “Laterally Associated Proteins Modulate Α6 Integrin Cleavage, a Permissive Process Utilized during Cancer Metastasis.” Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda. 2011. “Legacy Of A Fence.” New York Times, January 23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rees 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Rees 2002; Losick and Sonenshein 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Losick and Sonenshein 2001)
Three authors: (Clutton-Brock, Coulson, and Milner 2004)
4 or more authors: (Zhu et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Development Effectiveness
Abbreviation	J. Dev. Effect.
ISSN (print)	1943-9342
ISSN (online)	1943-9407
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development