How to format your references using the Journal of Development Effectiveness citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Development Effectiveness. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wesnousky, Steven G. 2006. “Predicting the Endpoints of Earthquake Ruptures.” Nature 444 (7117): 358–360.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kawasaki, Hiroaki, and Kazunari Taira. 2004. “Induction of DNA Methylation and Gene Silencing by Short Interfering RNAs in Human Cells.” Nature 431 (7005): 211–217.

A journal article with 3 authors

Burga, Alejandro, M. Olivia Casanueva, and Ben Lehner. 2011. “Predicting Mutation Outcome from Early Stochastic Variation in Genetic Interaction Partners.” Nature 480 (7376): 250–253.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kim, Kab-Jin, Jae-Chul Lee, Sung-Min Ahn, Kang-Soo Lee, Chang-Won Lee, Young Jin Cho, Sunae Seo, Kyung-Ho Shin, Sug-Bong Choe, and Hyun-Woo Lee. 2009. “Interdimensional Universality of Dynamic Interfaces.” Nature 458 (7239): 740–742.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pischella, Mylène, and Didier Le Ruyet. 2015. Digital Communications 2. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rahman, Shahid, Giuseppe Primiero, and Mathieu Marion, eds. 2012. The Realism-Antirealism Debate in the Age of Alternative Logics. Vol. 23. Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Zegarra, Jesus, and René Farcy. 2012. “GPS and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as a Navigation System for the Visually Impaired.” In Computers Helping People with Special Needs: 13th International Conference, ICCHP 2012, Linz, Austria, July 11-13, 2012, Proceedings, Part II, edited by Klaus Miesenberger, Arthur Karshmer, Petr Penaz, and Wolfgang Zagler, 29–32. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Development Effectiveness.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Dog Brains Process Human Speech In The Same Way We Do.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dog-brains-process-human-speech-same-way-we-do/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Commercial Space Transportation: Development of the Commercial Space Launch Industry Presents Safety Oversight Challenges for FAA and Raises Issues Affecting Federal Roles. GAO-10-286T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grace, Jamila. 2017. “A Correlational Study of the Relationship Between TEAS V and Success in Licensed Practical Nursing Students.” Doctoral dissertation, Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, Mary. 2013. “A.B.A., or Something Unlike It.” New York Times, April 14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wesnousky 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Wesnousky 2006; Kawasaki and Taira 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kawasaki and Taira 2004)
Three authors: (Burga, Casanueva, and Lehner 2011)
4 or more authors: (Kim et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Development Effectiveness
Abbreviation	J. Dev. Effect.
ISSN (print)	1943-9342
ISSN (online)	1943-9407
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development