How to format your references using the Journal of Development Effectiveness citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Development Effectiveness. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, Paul. 2003. “Chemistry’s Clouded View.” Nature 421 (6920): 295.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mather, John, and Minnie Mao. 2012. “Astronomy: A Conversation about Observation.” Nature 490 (7419): S5-7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pertea, M., S. L. Salzberg, and M. J. Gardner. 2000. “Finding Genes in Plasmodium Falciparum.” Nature 404 (6773): 34; discussion 34-5.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Blilou, Ikram, Jian Xu, Marjolein Wildwater, Viola Willemsen, Ivan Paponov, Jirí Friml, Renze Heidstra, Mitsuhiro Aida, Klaus Palme, and Ben Scheres. 2005. “The PIN Auxin Efflux Facilitator Network Controls Growth and Patterning in Arabidopsis Roots.” Nature 433 (7021): 39–44.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernando, Xavier N. 2014. Radio Over Fiber for Wireless Communications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Leal Filho, Walter, Franziska Mannke, Romeela Mohee, Veronika Schulte, and Dinesh Surroop, eds. 2013. Climate-Smart Technologies: Integrating Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Mitigation and Adaptation Responses. Climate Change Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rosenberg, Richard, Scott Gaul, William Ford, and Olga Tomilova. 2013. “Microcredit Interest Rates and Their Determinants: 2004–2011.” In Microfinance 3.0: Reconciling Sustainability with Social Outreach and Responsible Delivery, edited by Doris Köhn, 69–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Development Effectiveness.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan. 2017. “Check Out These Amazing Photos Of SpaceX’s Latest Super-Accurate Rocket Landing.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2008. Safe Routes to School: Progress in Implementing the Program, but a Comprehensive Plan to Evaluate Program Outcomes Is Needed. GAO-08-789. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vincent, Christian. 2010. “Viewing Dissociative Identity Disorder through a Jungian Lens.” Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY, James C., Jr. 2017. “Released Man’s Murder Charge Stokes a Bail Debate.” New York Times, March 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2003; Mather and Mao 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mather and Mao 2012)
Three authors: (Pertea, Salzberg, and Gardner 2000)
4 or more authors: (Blilou et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Development Effectiveness
Abbreviation	J. Dev. Effect.
ISSN (print)	1943-9342
ISSN (online)	1943-9407
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development